Described herein are compositions and methods for enhancing peripheral macrophage Aβ phagocytosis activity. The methods include inhibiting the TGF-β signaling pathway and activating the BMP signaling pathway in peripheral macrophages to promote central nervous system infiltration and enhance macrophage Aβ phagocytosis activity. Inhibition of TGF-β signaling and activation of BMP signaling in peripheral macrophages represents an advantageous anti-amyloid therapeutic approach for Alzheimer's disease.
