The invention relates to the identification and the use of compounds which inhibit the expression or activity of micro-RNAs for preventing and/or attenuating ageing. The invention thus relates to an in vitro method for screening for candidate compounds for preventing and/or attenuating ageing of the skin, comprising the following steps: a. bringing at least one test compound in contact with a sample of fibroblasts ； b. measuring the expression or the activity of at least one microRNA chosen from miR-134 and miR-152 in said fibroblasts； c. selecting the compounds for which an inhibition of at least 20%, preferably at least 30%, preferably at least 40 % of the expression or an inhibition of at least 20%, preferably at least 30%, preferably at least 40 % of the activity of at least one microRNA is measured in the fibroblasts treated in a. compared with the untreated fibroblasts.
