PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a medical treatment apparatus and a medical instrument that are capable of preventing an unsterilized medical instrument from being used for a next replacing patient.SOLUTION: A medical treatment apparatus 1 comprises: a handpiece 30 and a medical equipment main body 10 that can be detachably attached to the handpiece 30. The apparatus is provided with: a sterilization information storage unit 52e to store sterilization information O regarding sterilization of the handpiece 30 a patient replacement detection unit 11h to detect replacement of a patient to be operated a sterilization determination unit 11d to read the sterilization information O of the handpiece 30 and determine whether it has been sterilized or is unsterilized, on the basis of the replacement detection by the patient replacement detection unit 11h and a use restriction unit to restrict the use of the handpiece 30 on the basis of the determination result that it is unsterilized, by the sterilization determination unit 11d.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 3
