PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a novel technique for measuring internal temperature of an object to be measured.SOLUTION: In a temperature measurement system 1, a relative relationship determination section 311 calculates a heat balance relative coefficient 840 which represents a relative relationship in heat balance characteristics at a respective position of temperature sensors 11 and 12 by using a reference internal temperature 823 which is an internal temperature of an object to be measured, which is measured otherwise, and a first reference detection temperature 821 and a second reference detection temperature 822 which are detection temperatures measured by the first temperature sensor 11 and the second temperature sensor 12 respectively while bringing a contactor 100 into contact with the object to be measured. An internal temperature calculation section 320 continuously calculates internal temperature of the object to be measured by using a heat balance relative coefficient 840 and the detection temperatures measured by the temperature sensors 11 and 12.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 6