The present invention discloses a method for breeding cruciferous vegetable materials and varieties with a double haploid induction line of rapeseed, including: 1) collecting resources of cruciferous vegetables, identifying and classifying same, and regulating the sowing time of the double haploid induction line of rapeseed to ensure flower synchronization； 2) pollinating the cruciferous vegetables with the double haploid induction line of rapeseed； 3) performing bagged selfing or bud peeling forced selfing at a bud stage on the induced progeny individual plants； 4) identifying the strain stability of the induced selfing progenies； 5) test-crossing stable strains with sterile lines； 6) investigating the sterile degree of test-cross progenies to breed excellent maintainer lines； 7) pollinating sterile plants of the test-cross progenies with the double haploid induction line of rapeseed； 8) investigating the fertility of the induced progenies, and continuing to pollinate sterile individual plants with the inducing line to breed new sterile lines； and 9) test-matching the sterile lines with the maintainer lines to breed new hybrid combinations or new hybrid varieties. The method of the present invention can be flexibly applied in cruciferous vegetables, and can greatly improve the breeding efficiency of cruciferous vegetables and reduce the cost of manpower and material resources.
