The present invention relates to compositions for treating keratin substances, in particular the hair, containing a combination of a cationic ampholytic polymer and an anionic benefit agent as well as to uses thereof. In one embodiment, the composition of the present invention comprises about 0.01 to about 20% by weight of a cationic ampholytic polymer and about 0.01 to about 20% by weight of an anionic benefit agent.