In some aspects, the invention relates to compositions comprising marrow infiltrating lymphocytes ("MILs"). The MILs may be activated MILs. In some aspects, the invention relates to methods for activating MILs, comprising incubating MILs in an environment comprising less than 21% oxygen. In some aspects, the invention relates to methods for treating cancer in a subject, comprising administering to the subject a composition comprising activated MILs.Dans certains aspects, linvention concerne des compositions comprenant des lymphocytes infiltrant la moelle osseuse ("MILs", pour "marrow infiltrating lymphocytes"). Les MILs peuvent être des MILs activés. Dans certains aspects, linvention concerne des méthodes pour activer les MILs, dont lincubation des MILs dans un environnement comprenant moins de 21 % doxygène. Dans certains aspects, linvention concerne des méthodes de traitement du cancer chez le patient, comprenant ladministration au sujet dune composition comprenant les MILS activés.