The present invention relates to a surface treatment method and a surface treatment device 2 for a resin vessel 1, which form a coating or perform surface modification on the surface of the resin vessel 1. In a sterilized environment as well as an environment with pressure equal to or higher than the atmospheric pressure, a material for the coating or the surface modification is attached to at least one of an inner surface and an outer surface of the resin vessel 1, and the resin vessel 1, to which the material is attached, is irradiated with an electron beam to perform the coating or the surface modification. It is possible to form the coating or perform the surface modification on the resin vessel at high speed.
