The invention relates to a system (1) for implanting, extracting and/or operating phytoremediation plant filters for wastewater, suitable for use in an artificial wetland (6), which comprises: a main support beam (4) configured to be partially or completely immersed in the artificial wetland (6)； and a plurality of securing rods (5) that are arranged as means for fixing the plant filters and connected to the main beam (4). The system also comprises a support pivot (3) for supporting on the ground that is substantially vertical, which is connected to the main support beam (4) and comprises rotating means in relation to a main shaft, for extracting the main support beam (4) to a region (6') outside the artificial wetland (6). The invention also relates to a method for treating wastewater by means of phytoremediation plant filters in an artificial wetland (6), which is carried out using said system (1).
