Disclosed are compounds according to formula (I) as well as pharmaceuticalcompositions which include thosecompounds. Also disclosed are methods of using such compounds, which haveactivity as agonists or as antagonists of LPAreceptors； such methods including treating cancer, producing radioprotectionand/or radiomitigation, enhancing cell proliferation,treating a wound, treating apoptosis or preserving or restoring function in acell, tissue, or organ, culturing cells, preserving organ ortissue function, and treating a dermato logical condition.
