Provided is a method for promoting upper gastrointestinal bicarbonate secretion in a mammalian subject, which comprises administering an effective amount of a compound of Formula (I):to a subject in need thereof, wherein W1, W2, R1, R2, x1, x2, Y and A are herein defined. The compound is also useful for protecting the upper gastrointestinal tract of a mammal from mucosal damage.
