Method of treatment for the preparation of implants or prostheses of polymers with controlled release of active ingredients comprising a first stage called "pretreatment", followed by a stage called "impregnation" of implants or prostheses of polymers previously treated with active ingredients, comprising the first stage: - the introduction of implants or prostheses of polymers in a high-pressure cell or autoclave, - the supply of the cell with CO2 in a pressurization and heating phase that follows a controlled kinetics with a pressurization rate between 0.01 and 1 MPa / min, until liquid supercritical or subcritical conditions of CO2 are reached, with a pressure between 5 and 20 MPa and a temperature between 20 ºC and 50 ºC, - a contact phase of implants or prostheses of polymers with CO2 in discontinuous mode or in continuous mode, comprising the phase of contact to: * in the discontinuous mode: the isolation of the cell at high pressure or autoclave for a period of time from several minutes to an hour, and * in the continuous mode: the drag of the cell at high pressure or autoclave by a flow of CO2 crossing over a period of time that varies from several minutes to 1 hour, the flow of CO2 being between a range of flows ranging from several grams per hour to 1 kg / h, and a depressurization phase that follows a controlled kinetics with a depressurization rate between 0.01 and 1 MPa / min, under isothermal conditions.Método de tratamiento para la elaboración de implantes o de prótesis de polímeros con liberación controlada de principios activos que comprende una primera etapa denominada " de tratamiento previo ", seguida por una etapa denominada "de impregnación" de los implantes o prótesis de polímeros tratados previamente con principios activos, comprendiendo la primera etapa: - la introducción de los implantes o prótesis de polímeros en una celda a alta presión o autoclave, - la alimentación de la celda con CO2 en una fase de presurización y de calentamiento que
