A composition for the prevention and treatment of initial tooth caries, that is composed of a phosphate-calcium gel with the Ca/P mass ratio ranging from 1.2 to 1.5 and with a bond energy of the 2p phosphorus electron of 131 eV to 136 eV and optionally containing at least one auxiliary dental substance. The composition can further contain an aqueous solution of methyl cellulose or/and chlorohexidine gluconate.
