Embodiments of the invention are generally directed to compositions comprising lightening agents, nicotinamide and 3,3’-thiodipropanoic acid, in a cosmetically acceptable vehicle, articles of manufacture, and methods of use thereof. The compositions and methods of described herein are effective to lighten an area of skin in need of lightening, such as but not limited to, a subject having overall dark complexion, pigmented skin discoloration, freckles, age spots, liver spots, sun damage, tans, pigmented acne marks, scars, pigmented birthmarks, hyperpigmentation, post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, post-injury hyperpigmentation, melasma, cholasma, after-burn scar, nail stain, yellowing of skin, dark circles under eyes, and the like. The composition may include additional ingredients accordingly for a colored cosmetic, moisturizer, cleanser, toner, and the like.本發明之實施例大體上係關於一種於化妝品上可接受之媒劑中包含美白劑、菸鹼醯胺及3,3'-硫二丙酸之組合物、其製品及使用方法。本文所述之該等組合物及方法能有效美白需要美白之皮膚區域，諸如(但不限於)具有整體皮膚黝黑、色素性皮膚變色、雀斑、老年斑、肝斑、太陽曬傷、曬黑、色素性痤瘡痕、疤痕、色素性胎記、色素過多、炎症後色素過多、損傷後色素過多、黑斑、黃褐斑、燒傷後疤痕、指甲染色、皮膚泛黃、黑眼圈及其類似症狀之個體。該組合物可再包括相應地用於彩色化妝品、保濕劑、潔面劑、化妝水及其類似物之其他成分。
