The present invention relates to a composition for washing and conditioning keratin materials, comprising, in a physiologically acceptable medium: one or more anionic surfactants, one or more liquid fatty alcohols, and one or more ethers of a fatty alcohol and of an oxyethylenated polyol of formula (I). The invention also relates to the use of the said composition for washing and conditioning keratin materials, and to a process for washing and conditioning keratin materials using it.