The present invention relates to a composition for preventing or treating rotavirus infection, comprising a licorice extract, fractions thereof or compounds separated therefrom. The licorice extract, fractions thereof or compounds separated therefrom have anti-rotavirus effects and exhibit not only virucidal effects against various rotaviruses, but also the effect of inhibiting the cytopathic effect of rotaviruses. Thus, the composition can be effectively used for the prevention or treatment of rotavirus infection.