The present invention relates to the use of fumaric acid amides of the generalfor-mula (I)( see formula I)whereinR1 represents OR3 or a D- or L-amino acid radical -NH-CHR4-COOH bonded viaan amide bond, wherein R3 is hydrogen, a straight-chained or branched,optionallysubstituted C1-24 alkyl radical, a phenyl radical or C6- 10 aralkyl radicaland R4 is aside chain of a natural or synthetic amino acid andR2 represents a D- or L-amino acid radical -NH-CHR5-COOH bonded via anamide bond or a peptide radical comprising 2 to 100 amino acids bonded via anamide bond, wherein R5 is a side chain of a natural or synthetic amino acid,for preparing a drug(1) for the therapy of an autoimmune disease；(2) for use in transplantation medicine；(3) for the therapy of mitochondrial diseases(4) for the therapy of NF-kappaB mediated diseases
