Assessment of Fluoride Intake Risk via Infusions of Commercial Leaf Teas Available in Poland Using the Target Hazard Quotient Index Approach

• 全文链接

基于目标危害指数法评估波兰市售冲泡型茶叶的氟摄入风险

关键词：

来源：

Foods 期刊

全文链接：

//agri.nais.net.cn/topic/downloadFile/c1a8fe7e-f55d-4dc2-bb5c-bd7dca05dcf9

来源地址：

https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/17/2944

资源所属：

茶学研究专题

类型：

学术文献

语种：

英语

原文发布日期：

2025-09-25

摘要：

Objective：This study was to assess thecontent of selected elements—fluorine, calcium and inorganic phosphorus—ininfusions prepared from selected commercial leaf teas available on the Polishmarket. A comprehensive analysis was conducted based on tea type andgeographical origin. In addition, the Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) wascalculated to estimate the non-carcinogenic health risk associated withfluoride intake from tea consumption.Methods: A total of 98leaf tea samples were analyzed, including 55 black, 27 green, 9 oolong, and 7white teas. Standardized brewing protocols were applied. Measured parametersincluded pH, calcium and inorganic phosphorus content, buffer capacity, andtitratable acidity. Fluoride concentrations were determined using anion-selective electrode. Statistical analysis was performed usingnon-parametric methods (Kruskal–Wallis ANOVA with DSCF post hoc test), and heatmaps were generated to illustrate the distribution of THQ across differentmodels. Results: Black teas exhibited significantly lower pH values and highertitratable acidity, buffer capacity, and inorganic phosphorus levels comparedto other tea types, indicating distinct physicochemical properties. Althoughall THQ values for fluoride remained well below the safety threshold (THQ <1), the highest values were observed in elderly individuals with low bodyweight, particularly women consuming green tea, suggesting increasedvulnerability in this subgroup. Conclusions: Amongthe analyzed samples, black teas demonstrated the most distinct chemicalprofile, characterized by the lowest pH and the highest acidity, buffercapacity, and fluoride and phosphorus content—especially in teas originatingfrom Africa and Central Asia. While fluoride exposure from leaf tea infusionsdoes not appear to pose a direct health risk, older adults, particularlylow-weight women, may be more susceptible to potential non-carcinogenic effectsand should moderate their intake of high-fluoride teas.