Impact of Volatile Mediated Indirect Defense Response of Plant and Herbivore Refuge in Tritrophic Cascade
挥发物介导的植物和草食动物避难所对三级营养级Cascade间接防御反应的影响
- 关键词：
- 来源：
- Differential Equations and Dynamical Systems 期刊
- 类型：
- 学术文献
- 语种：
- 英语
- 原文发布日期：
- 2024-03-25
- 摘要：
- Plants emit volatile secondary metabolites in response to the attacks from herbivorous insects and send signals to carnivorous enemies as reinforcement against the herbivores. Presence of higher carnivores, attracted by the released volatile blends, increases predation pressure on the herbivores. To reduce predation pressure, the herbivore adopts a refuge mechanism. Two natural phenomena are combined by proposing a volatile mediated model-based tritrophic system among the plants, herbivorous insects, and the natural carnivorous enemy, emphasizing the role of plant volatiles and herbivore refuge. In particular, we have highlighted the role of volatile mediated plant’s indirect defense mechanism on its fitness improvement under different ecological consequences, for example, considering different functional responses for herbivores (Holling type II) and carnivorous enemies (Holling type III) associating hiding behavior of herbivores (herbivore refuge) in a tritrophic interaction model. Numerical simulations and analytical treatments are conducted to validate our proposed hypothesis on the tritrophic interaction. Using Isocline method, we show the existence of the interior equilibriums. We illustrate sensitivity analysis of system parameters through Global Sensitivity Analysis using Latin Hypercube Sampling and Partial Ranked Correlation Coefficient. The high-dimensional Bendixson criterion is applied to show global stability of positive equilibrium. We observed two types of alternative states, transcritical bifurcation of limit cycle, and saddle-node bifurcation. High emission of volatiles promotes more stabilized dynamical behaviors, when all three species coexist, thus sustaining the ecological balance in the tritrophic interaction.
- 所属专题：
- 60
