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[学术文献 ] Effect of high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit Dy10 on wheat dough properties and end-use quality 进入全文
ScienceDirect
High-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GSs) are the most critical grain storage proteins that determine the unique processing qualities of wheat. Although it is a part of the superior HMW-GS pair (Dx5+Dy10), the contribution of the Dy10 subunit to wheat processing quality remains unclear. In this study, we elucidated the effect of Dy10 on wheat processing quality by generating and analyzing a deletion mutant (with the Dy10-null allele), and by elucidating the changes to wheat flour following the incorporation of purified Dy10. The Dy10-null allele was transcribed normally, but the Dy10 subunit was lacking. These findings implied that the Dy10-null allele reduced the glutenin:gliadin ratio and negatively affected dough strength (i.e., Zeleny sedimentation value, gluten index, and dough development and stability times) and the bread-making quality; however, it positively affected the biscuit-making quality. The incorporation of various amounts of purified Dy10 into wheat flour had a detrimental effect on biscuit-making quality. The results of this study demonstrate that the Dy10 subunit is essential for maintaining wheat dough strength. Furthermore, the Dy10-null allele may be exploited by soft wheat breeding programs.
[学术文献 ] Isolation, characterization, and utilization of wheat bran protein fraction for food application 进入全文
PubMed Central
Wheat bran (WB), a low-cost industrial by-product, is a vital source of high-quality proteins, minerals, vitamins, and several bioactive compounds. The present study encompasses the identification of appropriate bran streams of a commercial roller flour mill (CRFM) essentially based on hector liter weight, (HLW), optimization of WB protein isolation process, amino acid characterization, rendering more emphasis on simple water-soluble albumins, having higher commercial viability, and its application in food formulation. Total WB protein was 16.18% protein, the sum of the extracted proteins viz. albumin (2.43%), a prolamin (2.47%), glutelin (5.25%), globulin (1.92%), and insoluble proteins (4.09%) was 12.08%. Following albumin extraction, residual WB was subjected to ultra-sonication which further increased albumin protein yield from 2.43 to 3.07%. The extracted WB albumin isolate (WBAI) was utilized to develop high protein bread having significantly high volume and protein content, compared to control bread. The structural and sensorial attributes of the developed bread were superior compared to control bread. Thus, WBAI has a tremendous scope as a natural, affordable potential inexpensive food improver/fortificant to address protein-energy malnutrition (PEM). The process has the great advantage of being eco-friendly, besides, residual bran can still be used as cattle feed, enhancing profitability and viability.
[学术文献 ] Influence of high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit deletions at the Glu-A1 and Glu-D1 loci on protein body development, protein components and dough properties of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) 进入全文
ScienceDirect
High-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GSs) play a critical role in determining the viscoelastic properties of wheat. As the organelle where proteins are stored, the development of protein bodies (PBs) reflects the status of protein synthesis and also affects grain quality to a great extent. In this study, with special materials of four near-isogenic lines in a Yangmai 18 background we created, the effects of Glu-A1 and Glu-D1 loci deletions on the development and morphological properties of the protein body, protein components and dough properties were investigated. The results showed that the deletion of the HMW-GS subunit delayed the development process of the PBs, and slowed the increases of volume and area of PBs from 10 days after anthesis (DAA) onwards. In contrast, the areas of PBs at 25 DAA, the middle or late stage of endosperm development, showed no distinguishable differences among the four lines. Compared to the wild type and single null type in Glu-A1, the ratios of HMW-GSs to low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (LMW-GSs), glutenin macropolymer (GMP) content, mixograph parameters as well as extension parameters decreased in the single null type in Glu-D1 and double null type in Glu-A1 and Glu-D1, while the ratios of gliadins (Gli)/glutenins (Glu) in those types increased. The absence of Glu-D1 subunits decreased both dough strength and extensibility significantly compared to the Glu-A1 deletion type. These results provide a detailed description of the effect of HMW-GS deletion on PBs, protein traits and dough properties, and contribute to the utilization of Glu-D1 deletion germplasm in weak gluten wheat improvement for use in cookies, cakes and southern steamed bread in China and liquor processing.
[前沿资讯 ] Differential Morpho-Physiological, Ionomic, and Phytohormone Profiles, and Genome-Wide Expression Profiling Involving the Tolerance of Allohexaploid Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to Nitrogen Limitation 进入全文
ACS Publications
Common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a global staple food, while nitrogen (N) limitation severely hinders plant growth, seed yield, and grain quality of wheat. Genetic variations in the responses to low N stresses among allohexaploid wheat (AABBDD, 2n = 6x = 42) genotypes emphasize the complicated regulatory mechanisms underlying low N tolerance and N use efficiency (NUE). In this study, hydroponic culture, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, noninvasive microtest, high-performance liquid chromatography, RNA-seq, and bioinformatics were used to determine the differential growth performance, ionome and phytohormone profiles, and genome-wide expression profiling of wheat plants grown under high N and low N conditions. Transcriptional profiling of NPFs, NRT2s, CLCs, SLACs/SLAHs, AAPs, UPSs, NIAs, and GSs characterized the core members, such as TaNPF6.3-6D, TaNRT2.3–3D, TaNIA1–6B, TaGLN1;2–4B, TaAAP14–5A/5D, and TaUPS2–5A, involved in the efficient transport and assimilation of nitrate and organic N nutrients. The low-N-sensitivity wheat cultivar XM26 showed obvious leaf chlorosis and accumulated higher levels of ABA, JA, and SA than the low-N-tolerant ZM578 under N limitation. The TaMYB59–3D-TaNPF7.3/NRT1.5–6D module-mediated shoot-to-root translocation and leaf remobilization of nitrate was proposed as an important pathway regulating the differential responses between ZM578 and XM26 to low N. This study provides some elite candidate genes for the selection and breeding of wheat germplasms with low N tolerance and high NUE.
[前沿资讯 ] Dissecting the genetic basis of Fusarium crown rot resistance in wheat by genome wide association study 进入全文
SpringerLink
Fusarium crown rot (FCR) is a severe soil borne disease in many wheat growing regions of the world. In this study, we attempted to detect loci conferring FCR resistance through a new seedling inoculation assay. A total of 223 wheat accessions from different geography origins were used to assemble an association panel for GWAS analysis. Four genotypes including Heng 4332, Luwanmai, Pingan 998 and Yannong 24 showed stable resistance to FCR. A total of 54 SNPs associated with FCR resistance were identified. Among the 10 putative QTLs represented by these SNPs, seven QTLs on chromosome 2B, 3A, 3D, 4A, 7A and 7B were novel and were consistently detected in at least two of the three trials conducted. Qfcr.cau.3D-3, which was targeted by 38 SNPs clustered within a genomic region of approximately 5.57 Mb (609.12–614.69 Mb) on chromosome arm 3DL, was consistently detected in all the three trials. The effects of Qfcr.cau.3D-3 were further validated in two recombinant inbred line populations. The presence of this locus reduced FCR severity up to 21.55%. Interestingly, the collinear positions of sequences containing the four SNPs associated with two FCR loci (Qfcr.cau.3A and Qfcr.cau.3B) were within the regions of Qfcr.cau.3D-3, suggesting that genes underlying these three loci may be homologous. Our results provide useful information for improving FCR resistance in wheat.
[前沿资讯 ] Bread wheat satellitome: a complex scenario in a huge genome 进入全文
SpringerLink
In bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), chromosome associations during meiosis are extremely regulated and initiate at the telomeres and subtelomeres, which are enriched in satellite DNA (satDNA). We present the study and characterization of the bread wheat satellitome to shed light on the molecular organization of wheat subtelomeres. Our results revealed that the 2.53% of bread wheat genome is composed by satDNA and subtelomeres are particularly enriched in such DNA sequences. Thirty-four satellite DNA (21 for the first time in this work) have been identified, analyzed and cytogenetically validated. Many of the satDNAs were specifically found at particular subtelomeric chromosome regions revealing the asymmetry in subtelomere organisation among the wheat subgenomes, which might play a role in proper homologous recognition and pairing during meiosis. An integrated physical map of the wheat satellitome was also constructed. To the best of our knowledge, our results show that the combination of both cytogenetics and genome research allowed the first comprehensive analysis of the wheat satellitome, shedding light on the complex wheat genome organization, especially on the polymorphic nature of subtelomeres and their putative implication in chromosome recognition and pairing during meiosis.
