The subject invention pertains to probiotic compositions and methods of treating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) using the probiotic compositions. The probiotic compositions can inhibit growth of HCC. The probiotic compositions can reduce the risk of HCC. The probiotic compositions include a specific combination of three bacterial compositions: (a) heat-inactivated Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG deposited under accession number ATCC 53103, also known as, Lactobacillus acidophilus (Moro) Hansen and Macquot, (b) viable Escherichia coli Nissle 1917, and (c) heat-inactivated VSL#3®. This combination of bacteria is effective to reduce hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) growth compared to control growth.
