[Problems]To provide an anesthetic tank and a system for preventing an erroneous anesthetic injection which are capable of: preventing a leak of a volatile anesthetic without taking measures to prevent the leak by seal parts or the like even if the attachment of an injection adapter is loosened； and simplifying component parts to be exchanged in accordance with a plurality of types of anesthetic tanks.[Means for solving the Problems]An anesthetic tank 7 includes an insertion mouth 71 for inserting an injection adapter of an anesthetic container, and a storage portion 72 communicating with the insertion mouth 71. A volatile anesthetic inside of the anesthetic container is injected into the storage portion 72. An identifying member 33 is arranged on the outside of the insertion mouth 71 and is rotatable around the center axis of the insertion mouth 71.The identifying member 33 has key groove formed in the internal surface of an insertion hole 33h for inserting the injection adapter. The key groove are used for identifying the type of the volatile anesthetic in collaboration with keys formed in the injection adapter. A cover member 8 has an opening 82 formed in the position facing the insertion mouth 71 and the insertion hole 33h and presses the peripheral part of the identifying member 33.
