Pakistan;
School of Public Health and Management;
Department of Economics;
Henan Province;
Dera Ghazi Khan;
Yantai;
Henan University of Science and Technology;
China;
Sichuan Province;
Government Graduate College Kot Sultan;
Ghazi University Dera Ghazi Khan;
School of Business;
Faculty of Law;
Panzhihua University;
Layyah;
Panzhihua;
Shandong;
Luoyang;
Binzhou Medical University;
Natural Resource Protection (NRP) has been on the agenda of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and isconsidered a pathway to sustainable development. The analysis of the determinants of NRP has received theattention of policymakers in framing evidence-based policies and strategies. Renewable energy (RE) is a majorcontributor to natural resource protection. However, existing studies have provided inconclusive evidence on therole of renewable energy in the NRP. This study primarily focuses on the assessment of how RE influences NRP in22 developing economies. This study considers the nonlinear association between RE and NRP. Moreover, therole of governance effectiveness, financial technology, urbanization, and FDI in the NRP were also assessed.Furthermore, the analyses also explore the NRP-Kuznets curve by examining the role of economic growth in theNRP. The study, which detected cross-sectional dependence (CSD), heterogeneity, autocorrelation, and heteroskedasticityin the data, uses pooled regression with Driscoll-Kraay Standard Errors (DKSEs) and GLS for theeconometric analysis. The results revealed a U-shaped relationship between renewable energy and NRP. Moreover,governance effectiveness, FINTECH, and FDI contribute to NRP, but urbanization has a negative impact onNRP. The analysis concludes an inverted U-shaped association between GDP per capita and NRP. A Bayesianregression analysis was also performed to validate the robustness of the results. Based on these findings, thisstudy makes policy recommendations for improving NRP. Policymakers should prioritize renewable energy andsustainable resource exploitation through incentives and investments. Improving governance, adopting environmentalrules, and involving stakeholders are critical. Financial technology can facilitate long-term investmentin sustainability. Sustainable urban design should reduce the adverse effects of urbanization. FDI should bealigned with long-term development goals and appropriate resource management. Balancing economic growthwith environmental protection requires multifaceted measures that promote green development and resourceefficiency. Policy coherence and stakeholder participation are also critical.
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