How to GIWAXS: Grazing Incidence Wide Angle X-Ray Scattering Applied to Metal Halide Perovskite Thin Films

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作   者：

Julian A. Steele;  Eduardo Solano;  David Hardy;  Damara Dayton;  Dylan Ladd;  Keith White;  Peng Chen;  Jingwei Hou;  Haowei Huang;  Rafikul Ali Saha;  Lianzhou Wang;  Feng Gao;  Johan Hofkens;  Maarten B. J. Roeffaers;  Dmitry Chernyshov;  Michael F. Toney; 

作者机构：

Department of ChemistryKU LeuvenCelestijnenlaan 200F;  NCD-SWEET beamlineALBA Synchrotron Light SourceCerdanyola del Valles;  Sweden;  Australia;  cMACSDepartment of Microbial and Molecular SystemsKU LeuvenLeuven 3001;  Queensland 4072;  Max Plank Institute for Polymer ResearchD-55128 Mainz;  Germany;  Swiss-Norwegian Beamlines at the European Synchrotron RadiationFacility71 Avenue des Martyrs;  Australian Institute for Bioengineering and NanotechnologyThe University of QueenslandBrisbane;  CO 80309;  Belgium;  Materials Science and Engineering ProgramUniversity of Colorado BoulderBoulder;  USA;  Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute (RASEI)University of Colorado BoulderBoulder;  Barcelona 08290;  Leuven 3001;  Department of PhysicsBiomolecular and Organic ElectronicsChemistry and Biology (IFM)Linkoeping UniversityLinkoeping 58183;  School of Mathematics and PhysicsThe University ofQueenslandBrisbane;  Spain;  Grenoble F-38000;  Queensland 4072;  France;  cMACSDepartment of Microbial and Mol; 

关键词：

synchrotron science;  GIWAXS;  perovskite solar cells;  thin films; 

期刊名称：

Advanced energy materials

i s s n：

1614-6832

年卷期：

2023 年 13 卷 27 期

页   码：

2300760.1-2300760.50

页   码：

摘   要：

The frequency of reports utilizing synchrotron-based grazing incident wide angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) to study metal halide perovskite thin films has exploded recently, as this technique has proven invaluable for understanding several structure-property relationships that fundamentally limit optoelectronic performance. The GIWAXS geometry and temporal resolution are also inherently compatible with in situ and operando setups (including ISOS protocols), and a relatively large halide perovskite research community has deployed GIWAXS to unravel important kinetic and dynamic features in these materials. Considering its rising popularity, the aim here is to accelerate the required learning curve for new experimentalists by clearly detailing the underlying analytical concepts which can be leveraged to maximize GIWAXS studies of polycrystalline thin films and devices. Motivated by the vast range of measurement conditions offered, together with the wide variety of compositions and structural motifs available (i.e., from single-crystal and polycrystalline systems, to quantum dots and layered superlatices), a comprehensive framework for conducting effective GIWAXS experiments is outlined for different purposes. It is anticipated that providing a clear perspective for this topic will help elevate the quality of future GIWAXS studies—which have become routine—and provide the impetus required to develop novel GIWAXS approaches to resolve unsettled scientific questions.