Ist Nazl Fis Nucl;
Siegen;
Radboud Univ Nijmegen;
Argentina|Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn;
Phys Inst 3;
Inst Galego Fis Altas Enerxias IGFAE;
CONICET;
Univ Catania;
Dept Phys;
Dipartimento Matemat & Fis E Giorgi;
Inst Fis Sao Carlos;
New York;
Argentina|Univ Buenos Aires;
Fac Reg Buenos Aires;
Univ Aquila;
Observ Rio Valongo;
Mendoza;
Brazil;
Brazil|Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro UFRJ;
Delaware;
Case Western Reserve Univ;
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Netherlands;
Dipartimento Sci Fis & Chim;
Amsterdam;
Inst Astron & Fis Espacio IAFE;
Palotina;
Czech Acad Sci;
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Argentina|Univ Tecnol Nacl;
Sez Catania;
Argentina;
Univ Fed Parana;
Italy|Univ Torino;
Dipartimento Fis & Astron;
Adelaide;
Chiapas;
Osservatorio Astrofis Torino INAF;
Univ Santiago de Compostela;
Colorado State Univ;
Ctr Mico Bariloche;
Inst Nucl Phys PAN;
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IMAPP;
Cleveland;
Czech Republic;
Univ Grenoble Alpes;
Mexico;
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OH USA;
Univ Milan;
Bartol Res Inst;
Milan;
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Dipartimento Sci & Tecnol Aerosp;
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Portugal|Univ Lisboa UL;
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Italy|Univ Napoli Federico II;
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Argentina|Inst Balseiro CNEA UNCuyo CONICET;
Campinas;
Dept Phys & Astron;
UNSAM;
Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico;
IFLP;
Mexico City;
SA;
Sez Milano;
Dwingeloo;
Lehman Coll;
Fachbereich Phys Expt Teilchenphys 7;
Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab;
Rhein Westfal TH Aachen;
Argentina|Comis Nacl Energia Atom;
Italy|Univ Salento;
Univ Lisboa UL;
SP;
IJCLab;
Krakow;
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Bucharest;
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San Carlos De Bariloche;
Bonn;
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Univ Politehn Bucuresti;
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UBA;
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Dept Ciencias Atmosfera & Oceanos;
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Germany|Karlsruhe Inst Technol;
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Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro;
Lisbon;
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Ft Collins;
期刊名称：
Physical review letters
i s s n：
0031-9007
年卷期：
2021 年
126 卷
15 期
页 码：
152002.1-152002.11
页 码：
摘 要：
We present the first measurement of the fluctuations in the number of muons in extensive air showers produced by ultrahigh energy cosmic rays. We find that the measured fluctuations are in good agreement with predictions from air shower simulations. This observation provides new insights into the origin of the previously reported deficit of muons in air shower simulations and constrains models of hadronic interactions at ultrahigh energies. Our measurement is compatible with the muon deficit originating from small deviations in the predictions from hadronic interaction models of particle production that accumulate as the showers develop.
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