Copper-catalyzed ARGET ATRP of styrene from ethyl alpha-haloisobutyrate in EtOAc/EtOH, using ascorbic acid/Na2CO3 as reducing system

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作   者：

Borsari, Marco;  Braidi, Niccolo;  Buffagni, Mirko;  Ghelfi, Franco;  Parenti, Francesca;  Porcelli, Nicola;  Serafini, Gaia;  Isse, Abdirisak Ahmed;  Bonifaci, Luisa;  Cavalca, Gianfranco;  Longo, Aldo;  Morandini, Ida;  Pettenuzzo, Nicolo; 

作者机构：

Univ Padua;  Versalis Eni SpA;  Univ Modena & Reggio Emilia; 

关键词：

POLYMERS;  ACTIVATION;  Ascorbic acid;  ACID;  METHYL-METHACRYLATE;  ARGET ATRP;  Polystyrene;  TRANSFER RADICAL POLYMERIZATION;  ALKYL-HALIDES;  ELECTRON-TRANSFER;  Styrene;  Sodium carbonate;  MEDIATED AGET ATRP;  SEPARATION;  Copper;  EFFICIENT; 

期刊名称：

European Polymer Journal

i s s n：

0014-3057

年卷期：

2021 年 157 卷

页   码：

摘   要：

Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) is one of the most powerful techniques to synthesize precisely tailored polymers and macrostructures. Activators regenerated by electron transfer (ARGET) ATRP was developed as a "green" strategy to decrease the load of the metal catalyst. However, ARGET ATRP usually uses not-sogreen reducing agents (e.g. Sn2+) or expensive and industrially impractical procedures. For these reasons, we report an ARGET ATRP of styrene with various carbonates as reducing agents, both alone and paired with ascorbic acid (AA), using monofunctional initiators and Cl or Br as exchanging atoms. The solvent mixture is composed of the green combination of EtOAc and EtOH, even in the presence of modest amounts of H2O. Cyclic voltammetry was used to evaluate the effect of H2O on the catalyst, as well as the absence of AA. The system returned high yields and low dispersities with low amounts of catalyst (similar to 60 ppm) and moderate reaction times. Excellent results were obtained only with the Cl-ATRP system. NMR spectroscopy and kinetic analyses proved the livingness of the final polymer chains.