Predator-and competitor-induced responses in amphibian populations that evolved different levels of pesticide tolerance

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作   者：

DEVIN K. JONES;  JESSICA HUA;  BRIAN M. MATTES;  RICKEY D. COTHRAN;  JASON T. HOVERMAN;  RICK A. RELYEA; 

作者机构：

Indiana 46556 USA;  Southwestern Oklahoma State University;  West Lafayette;  Troy;  Binghamton;  New York 12180 USA;  Indiana 47907 USA;  New York 13902 USA;  Darrin Fresh Water Institute;  Department of Biological Sciences;  Weatherford;  Purdue University;  Notre Dame;  State University of New York Binghamton University;  Department of Forestry and Natural Resources;  Oklahoma 73096 USA;  Biological Sciences Department;  Department of Biological Sciences;  Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute;  University of Notre Dame; 

关键词：

ecotoxicology;  genotype-by-environment interaction;  HIREC.;  genetic correlations;  anuran; 

期刊名称：

Ecological Applications

i s s n：

1051-0761

年卷期：

2021 年 31 卷 4 期

页   码：

e02305-1-e02305-12

页   码：

摘   要：

Exposure to agrochemicals can drive rapid phenotypic and genetic changes in exposed populations. For instance, amphibian populations living far from agriculture (a proxy for agrochemical exposure) exhibit low pesticide tolerance, but they can be induced to possess high tolerance following a sublethal pesticide exposure. In contrast, amphibian populations close to agriculture exhibit high, constitutive tolerance to pesticides. A recent study has demonstrated that induced pesticide tolerance appears to have arisen from plastic responses to predator cues. As a result, we might expect that selection for constitutive pesticide tolerance in populations near agriculture (i.e., genetic assimilation) will lead to the evolution of constitutive responses to natural stressors. Using 15 wood frog (Rana sylvatica) populations from across an agricultural gradient, we conducted an outdoor mesocosm experiment to examine morphological (mass, body length, and tail depth) and behavioral responses (number of tadpoles observed and overall activity) of tadpoles exposed to three stressor environments (no-stressor, competitors, or predator cues). We discovered widespread differences in tadpole traits among populations and stressor environments, but no population-by-environment interaction. Subsequent linear models revealed that population distance to agriculture (DTA) was occasionally correlated with tadpole traits in a given environment and with magnitudes of plasticity, but none of the correlations were significant after Bonferroni adjustment. The magnitudes of predator and competitor plasticity were never correlated with the magnitude of pesticide-induced plasticity that we documented in a companion study.