Conservation threats to the endangered golden langur (Trachypithecus geei, Khajuria 1956) in Bhutan

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作   者：

Thinley, Phuntsho;  Norbu, Tshewang;  Rajaratnam, Rajanathan;  Vernes, Karl;  Dhendup, Phub;  Tenzin, Jigme;  Choki, Karma;  Wangchuk, Singye;  Wangchuk, Tshering;  Wangdi, Sonam;  Chhetri, Dambar Bahadur;  Powrel, Reta Bahadur;  Dorji, Kezang;  Rinchen, Kado;  Dorji, Namgay; 

作者机构：

Royal Manas Natl Pk;  Zhemgang Forest Div;  Bumthang;  Gelephu 31101;  Ecosyst Management;  Univ New England;  Australia;  Zhemgang 34001;  Geog & Planning;  Trongsa 33002;  Armidale;  Tsirang Forest Div;  Dept Forests & Pk Serv;  Bhutan;  Ugyen Wangchuck Inst Conservat & Environm Res;  Sarpang 31002;  Sarpang Forest Div;  Tsirang 36001;  Jigme Singye Wangchuck Natl Pk;  NSW 2351;  Lamaigoenpa 32001; 

关键词：

Endangered primate;  Bhutan;  Golden langur;  Species conservation plan;  Conservation threats;  Primate conservation; 

期刊名称：

Primates

i s s n：

0032-8332

年卷期：

2020 年 61 卷 2 期

页   码：

257-266

页   码：

摘   要：

Threat assessment is critical to species conservation and management planning, because prior identification and assessment of key threats to conservation planning can assist in developing appropriate interventions or strategies. Comprehensive threat assessments are currently lacking for many threatened primates. In this paper, we classify and rank all direct threats to the endangered golden langur (Trachypithecus geei) in Bhutan in order to provide a practical guide to future conservation of the species. Information on threats was based on interviews with local people, discussion with field forestry staff, and social media interaction. We classified threats to golden langur habitats and populations, and ranked them using Miradi (TM), an analytical software for the adaptive management of conservation projects. We identified five habitat threats: (1) hydropower development, (2) road development, (3) housing development, (4) resource extraction, and (5) agricultural expansion. We also identified seven population threats: (1) electrocution, (2) road kill, (3) road injury, (4) dog kill, (5) retaliatory killing, (6) illegal pet keeping, and (7) hybridization with capped langurs. We rated the overall threat to golden langurs in Bhutan as 'medium'. Hydropower, road, and housing development constituted 'high' impact, while agricultural expansion, resource extraction, electrocution, and road kill had 'medium' impact; the remaining threats had 'low' impact. To immediately mitigate threats to golden langurs, we recommend: (a) installing speed limit signage and speed breakers with strict enforcement of speed limits; (b) installing insulated electric cables and fencing around power transformers; and (c) reducing and restraining domestic dog populations.