Santiago;
Santa Fe;
CA 93106 USA;
Santa Fe Inst;
Univ Republica;
Inst Marine Sci;
UC;
Princeton Univ;
Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile;
Dept Ecol;
CASEB;
NJ 08544 USA;
Western Ecol Res Ctr;
Berkeley;
Fac Ciencias;
Secc Zool Vertebrados;
Uruguay;
Pacific Ecoinformat & Computat Ecol Lab;
Chile;
Boulder;
US Geol Survey;
Natl Ctr Ecol Anal & Synthesis;
Montevideo;
Univ Colorado;
UC;
Univ Parma;
Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol;
I-43100 Parma;
Italy;
Princeton;
CA 94703 USA;
Santa Barbara;
Dipartimento Sci Ambientali;
CO 80309 USA;
NM 87501 USA;
关键词：
disease;
BODY-SIZE;
TROPHIC INTERACTIONS;
NETWORK STRUCTURE;
food web network;
parasite;
COMMUNITY STRUCTURE;
INFECTIOUS-DISEASES;
STABLE-ISOTOPE ANALYSIS;
MASS MORTALITY;
INTRAGUILD PREDATION;
SPECIES RICHNESS;
POPULATION-DYNAMICS;
期刊名称：
Ecology letters
i s s n：
1461-023X
年卷期：
2008 年
11 卷
6 期
页 码：
533-546
页 码：
摘 要：
Parasitism is the most common consumer strategy among organisms, yet only recently has there been a call for the inclusion of infectious disease agents in food webs. The value of this effort hinges on whether parasites affect food-web properties. Increasing evidence suggests that parasites have the potential to uniquely alter food-web topology in terms of chain length, connectance and robustness. In addition, parasites might affect food-web stability, interaction strength and energy flow. Food-web structure also affects infectious disease dynamics because parasites depend on the ecological networks in which they live. Empirically, incorporating parasites into food webs is straightforward. We may start with existing food webs and add parasites as nodes, or we may try to build food webs around systems for which we already have a good understanding of infectious processes. In the future, perhaps researchers will add parasites while they construct food webs. Less clear is how food-web theory can accommodate parasites. This is a deep and central problem in theoretical biology and applied mathematics. For instance, is representing parasites with complex life cycles as a single node equivalent to representing other species with ontogenetic niche shifts as a single node? Can parasitism fit into fundamental frameworks such as the niche model? Can we integrate infectious disease models into the emerging field of dynamic food-web modelling? Future progress will benefit from interdisciplinary collaborations between ecologists and infectious disease biologists.
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