This article focuses on the extent to which farmers have the skills to think strategically and entrepreneurially in an increasingly competitive environment. We argue that the issues described here can also apply to other businesses. While some may argue that farmers have lost the ability to be proactive, a less pejorative interpretation may be that farmers have to change from being semi-reliant on quasi non-markets to being attentive to market forces. In a sense this is the problem: i.e. that farmers are historically embedded in being "price takers" and that the transition to becoming "price makers" involves business and economic innovation. In many ways there are significant barriers to entrepreneurial activity (McElwee and Robson, 2005) and these need to be recognised and understood.