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Optimization of the Urbach energy and charge carrier dynamics in g-C_3N_4 through strategic potassium precursor selection: Insights and challenges

作   者:
Ladislav SvobodaZuzana VilamovaPetr PrausVlastimil NovakKatefina Mamulova KutlakovaMartin PetrJiri BednafVit JochimZuzana SimonovaeRichard Dvorsky
作者机构:
Czech Republic 708 00 Ostrava-Poruba 17. listopadu 2172/15 Palacky University 783 71 Slechtiteki 27 Czech Republic ||Department of Chemistry and Physico-Chemical Processes Czech Republic ||Institute of Environmental TechnologyCentre for Advanced Innovation Technologies Faculty of Materials Science and Technology VSB - Technical University of Ostrava OlonwucDepartment of Chemistry and Physico-Chemical Processes VSB-Technical University of OstravaNanotechnology Centre Centre for Energy and Environmental Technologies 17. Ustopadu 2172/15Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials Faculty of Science
关键词:
Time-Correlated single photon countingPotassium modificationPhotocatalysisg-C_3N_4Urbach energyCharge carrier dynamics
期刊名称:
Applied Surface Science
i s s n:
0169-4332
年卷期:
2025 年 679 卷 Jan.15 期
页   码:
161162.1-161162.13
页   码:
摘   要:
The previous studies on K-doped g-C_3N_4 suggest a simple correlation between the increased potassium content and the improved photocatalytic activity due to a shift of the valence band potential to more positive values, leading to the direct oxidation of hydroxyl ions to hydroxyl radicals by holes. In this study, we investigated the influence of different potassium precursors on the properties and photocatalytic efficiency of K-modified g-C_3N_4 materials in Rhodamine B degradation. Detailed characterization revealed that the choice of precursor significantly affects the structural and optoelectronic properties with complex correlations rather than superficial relationships between potassium content and photocatalytic activity. Notably, KCl-based samples, despite having a lower specific surface area, exhibited enhanced photocatalytic properties due to prolonged carrier lifetimes and improved charge transfer efficiency compared to KOH-based samples. Higher precursor concentrations resulted in more recombination centers, increasing Urbach energy and reducing photocatalytic activity. These findings underscore the importance of precise synthesis control, revealing that both K and Cl atoms act as charge transfer bridges, improving the material's photocatalytic properties beyond mere surface area enhancement. In addition, even smaller amounts of Cl atoms in g-C_3N_4 showed much higher impact on the final position of conduction and valence band potentials than K atoms.
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