Pulama Lanai;
Archipelago Res & Conservat;
JGS Projects;
关键词：
Phenology;
Conservation;
Hawaii;
Seabird;
'ua'u;
期刊名称：
Bird conservation international
i s s n：
0959-2709
年卷期：
2025 年
35 卷
页 码：
摘 要：
The 'ua'u, or Hawaiian Petrel Pterodroma sandwichensis, is an endangered seabird endemic to the Hawaiian Islands. Genetic, morphometric, and behavioural differences have previously been found between different island populations of the species. Understanding the breeding phenology of different populations of 'ua'u is therefore vital for conservation actions targeting the species. To assess breeding phenology of 'ua'u on the islands of Kaua'i and L & amacr;na'i, two main techniques were used over a 12-year period: direct burrow monitoring and burrow cameras. The breeding phenology of the 'ua'u is described based on this data. On Kaua'i, breeding birds arrive in the middle of April, undergo an exodus of approximately one month, and return to lay in the beginning of June. Incubation continues until early August, followed by chick-rearing, which ends on average two weeks before the chick fledges. Fledging starts in mid-October, peaks in mid-November, and ends in the third week of December. L & amacr;na'i birds arrive two weeks earlier and fledge one week earlier than on Kaua'i. On both islands breeding was asynchronous with a 68-day (Kaua'i) and 48-day (L & amacr;na'i) gap between first and last fledging birds. Considering phenology data across its entire Hawaiian range, 'ua'u first arrive on east Maui, then L & amacr;na'i, Hawai'i Island, and Kaua'i in that order. These differences in timing presumably reflect and/or reinforce genetic differentiation between subpopulations of the species. The utility of this information is discussed in terms of directing management actions towards key periods of vulnerability to introduced predators, including peak incubation, chick emergence, and chick exercise periods. Description of island-specific phenologies is also critical to inform efforts to rescue fledglings disoriented by artificial light, mitigate powerline collisions, and refine existing monitoring and restoration projects. Future work using acoustic monitoring and data collected at social attraction sites is recommended for assessing the phenology of non-breeders at colonies.He manu lawai'a ka 'ua'u (Pterodroma sandwichensis) no ka pae '& amacr;ina 'o Hawai'i, he manu '& amacr;pa'akuma ia i 'ane nalowale. 'Ike '& emacr; 'ia kekahi mau mea 'oko'a ma n & amacr; heluna manu o n & amacr; mokupuni like 'ole, ma ka welo k & umacr;'auhau, ma ke 'ano kino, a ma ka hana kekahi. No laila, he ko'iko'i ka ho'omaopopo 'ana i ke 'ano o ko n & amacr; 'ua'u ho'omau 'ana ma n & amacr; mokupuni 'oko'a, i mea e m & amacr;lama ai i k & emacr;ia l & amacr;hui manu. I kilo 'ia ai ke 'ano o ko ka 'ua'u ho'omau 'ana ma n & amacr; mokupuni 'o Kaua'i l & amacr;ua 'o L & amacr;na'i, 'elua n & amacr; ki'ina hana nui i ho'ohana 'ia ma n & amacr; makahiki he 12; 'o ke kilo pololei 'ana aku i ko l & amacr;kou mau lua, a me ka ho'onoho 'ana i ka pahu pa'i ki'i ma kahi o n & amacr; lua. H & omacr;'ike 'ia ke 'ano o ka ho'omau 'ana o ka 'ua'u ma n & amacr; mokupuni 'oko'a ma o k & emacr;ia 'ike pili. Ma Kaua'i, h & omacr;'ea n & amacr; manu e ho'omau ana i waena o 'Apelila, ha'alele l & amacr;kou no kekahi mahina, a ho'i l & amacr;kou e h & amacr;nau i ka ho'omaka 'ana o Iune. Ho'omoe 'ia ka hua & amacr; hiki i ka ho'omaka 'ana o 'Aukake, a laila h & amacr;nai 'ia ka p & umacr;nua. Pau ka h & amacr;nai 'ia 'ana he 'elua pule ma mua o ko ka p & umacr;nua lele 'ana, ma ka 'awelike. Ho'omaka ka lele 'ana ma waena o 'Okakopa, & amacr; hiki i ka nui loa i waena o Nowemapa, & amacr; pau i ka pule 'ekolu o K & emacr;k & emacr;mapa. He 'elua pule ma mua ka hikina o n & amacr; 'ua'u L & amacr;na'i, a lele l & amacr;kou he ho'okahi pule ma mua kekahi, ke ho'oh & amacr;like aku i ko Kaua'i. Ma n & amacr; mokupuni 'elua, 'a'ole h & amacr;nau n & amacr; manu i ka manawa ho'okahi. 'O ke ka'awale 'ana ma waena o ka p & umacr;nua lele mua a me ka lele hope, he 68 l & amacr; ma Kaua'i a he 48 l & amacr; ma L & amacr;na'i. Ke n & amacr;n & amacr; 'ia ka 'ike pili o ka pae '& amacr;ina holo'oko'a, hiki mua ka 'ua'u ma Maui hikina, ma L & amacr;na'i, ma Hawai'i mokupuni, a laila ma Kaua'i, i ia ka'ina n & omacr;. Ma n & amacr; manawa 'oko'a o ka h & omacr;'ea 'ana i h & omacr;'ike 'ia ai paha a ho'okumu 'ia ai paha n & amacr; welo k & umacr;'auhau o n & amacr; heluna manu o k & emacr;ia l & amacr;hui. H & omacr;'ike 'ia ka waiwai o k & emacr;ia 'ike pili no ka m & amacr;lama 'ana i ka 'ua'u i k & omacr;na mau w & amacr; i hiki wale ke pilikia i n & amacr; holoholona malihini, e la'a ka w & amacr; nui o ka ho'omoe hua 'ana, ka puka 'ana o n & amacr; p & umacr;nua, a me ka w & amacr; ho'& emacr;heu. He ko'iko'i ho'i ka h & omacr;'ike 'ana i n & amacr; 'ano 'oko'a o ko n & amacr; mokupuni i mea e alaka'i ai i ka ho'opakele 'ana i n & amacr; p & umacr;nua i pilikia i ke kukui uila, i emi ai ka ho'oku'i 'ana i ka uea kelepona, a i ho'ok & amacr;'oi 'ia ai ho'i n & amacr; papahana e k & umacr; nei no ke kilo 'ana a me ka ho'& omacr;la hou 'ana i & amacr; l & amacr;kou. Ke paipai 'ia nei no k & emacr;ia mua aku ke ana 'ana i ko l & amacr;kou kani a me ka n & amacr;n & amacr; 'ana i ka 'ike pili i loa'a ma n & amacr; kahua k & umacr;hea manu no ke kilo 'ana i n & amacr; manu e ho'omau 'ole ana ma loko o n & amacr; heluna nui.
分享
载入中，请稍后...
