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Data from: Disentangling the ‘brown world’ faecal-detritus interaction web: dung beetle effects on soil microbial properties
- 负责人：
- DOI：
- doi:10.5061/dryad.4q230
- 摘要：
- Many ecosystem services are sustained by the combined action of microscopic and macroscopic organisms, and shaped by interactions between the two. However, studies tend to focus on only one of these two components. We combined the two by investigating the impact of macrofauna on microbial community composition and functioning in the context of a major ecosystem process: the decomposition of dung. We compared bacterial communities of pasture soil and experimental dung pats inhabited by one (Aphodius), two (Aphodius and Geotrupes), or no dung beetle genera. Overall, we found distinct microbial communities in soil and dung samples, and that the communities converged over the course of the experiment. Characterising the soil microbial communities underlying the dung pats revealed a significant interactive effect between the microflora and macrofauna, where the diversity and composition of microbial communities was significantly affected by the presence or absence of dung beetles. The specific identity of the beetles had no detectable impact, but the microbial evenness was lower in the presence of both Aphodius and Geotrupes than in the presence of Aphodius alone. Differences in microbial community composition were associated with differences in substrate usage as measured by Ecoplates. Moreover, microbial communities with similar compositions showed more similar substrate usage. Our study suggests that the presence of macrofauna (dung beetles) will modify the microflora (bacteria) of both dung pats and pasture soil, including community diversity and functioning. In particular, the presence of dung beetles promotes the transfer of bacteria across the soil–dung interface, resulting in increased similarity in community structure and functioning. The results demonstrate that to understand how microbes contribute to the ecosystem process of dung decomposition, there is a need to understand their interactions with larger co-occurring fauna.
Data from: Ecological mechanisms and phylogeny shape invertebrate stoichiometry: a test using detritus-based communities across Central
- 负责人：
- DOI：
- doi:10.5061/dryad.3cd2611
- 摘要：
- 1. Stoichiometric differences among organisms can affect trophic interactions and rates of nutrient cycling within ecosystems. However, we still know little about either the underlying causes of these stoichiometric differences, or the consistency of these differences across large geographic extents. 2. Here we analyze elemental (carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus) composition of 872 aquatic macroinvertebrates (71 species) inhabiting tank bromeliads (n = 140) from five distantly located sites across Central and South America to (1) test phylogenetic, trophic and body size scaling explanations for why organisms differ in elemental composition, and (2) determine if patterns in elemental composition are universal or context-dependent. 3. Taxonomy explained most variance in elemental composition, even though phylogenetic signals were weak and limited to regional spatial extents and to the family level. The highest elemental contents and lowest carbon:nutrient ratios were found in organisms at high trophic levels and with smaller body size, regardless of geographic location. 4. Carnivores may have higher nutrient content and lower carbon:nutrient ratios than their prey, as organisms optimize growth by choosing the most nutrient-rich resources to consume and then preferentially retain nutrients over carbon in their bodies. Smaller organisms grow proportionally faster than large organisms, and so are predicted to have higher nutrient requirements to fuel RNA and protein synthesis. Geography influenced the magnitude, more than the direction, of the ecological and/or phylogenetic effects on elemental composition. 5. Overall, our results show that both ecological (i.e., trophic group) and evolutionary drivers explain among-taxa variation in the elemental content of invertebrates, whereas intraspecific variation is mainly a function of body size. Our findings also demonstrate that restricting analyses of macroinvertebrate stoichiometry solely to either the local scale or species level affects inferences of the patterns in invertebrate elemental content, and their underlying mechanisms.
Data from: Nineteenth-century collapse of a benthic marine ecosystem on the open continental shelf
- 负责人：
- DOI：
- doi:10.5061/dryad.0r76j
- 摘要：
- surveys. The loss of this filter-feeding fauna and the new spatial homogeneity and dominance of deposit- and detritus-feeders would have altered
Data from: The role of temperature in affecting carry-over effects and larval competition in the globally invasive mosquito, Aedes albopictus
- 负责人：
- Yee, Donald. A.
- DOI：
- doi:10.5061/dryad.776b565
- 摘要：
- Background: Ectotherms, like mosquitoes, have evolved specific responses to variation in environmental conditions like temperature, and these responses could confer a fitness benefit or cost when carried-over to different life stages. However, effects of temperature on animals with complex life-cycles often only focus on part of their life-cycle, or only consider how single aspects of life-history may carry over to new stages. Herein we investigated how temperature affects intraspecific larval competition and carry-over effects from larval to adult stages in the widespread invasive Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus. Methods: For larval competition, larvae were reared at three densities (10, 20, and 40 individuals) across three source temperatures (21 °C, 27 °C and 34 °C). To test carry-over effects, adult survival was measured for individuals crossed with adult temperatures of 21 °C, 27 °C and 34 °C from the larval density of 20 individuals at each source temperature. Fecundity data also were obtained from mated females. Results: For competition, there was a significant interaction between larval density and temperature, with the smallest females, who took the longest to develop, produced in the highest temperatures; density generally accentuated this effect. Regarding carry-over effects, adults exposed to higher temperatures lead to greater differences in fecundity and survival of adult populations. Conclusions: Temperature appears to affect life-history of developing larvae under competitive interactions and can also alter adult fitness as the disparity between larval rearing and adult habitat temperatures increases. This has importance for our understanding for how different life-history stages of Ae. albopictus and other vectors of disease may respond to changing climates.
Data from: Nineteenth-century collapse of a benthic marine ecosystem on the open continental shelf
- 负责人：
- Tomasovych, Adam
- 关键词：
- historical ecology conservation paleobiology amino-acid racemization watershed history community paleoecology land use history
- DOI：
- doi:10.5061/dryad.0r76j.2
- 摘要：
- surveys. The loss of this filter-feeding fauna and the new spatial homogeneity and dominance of deposit- and detritus-feeders would have altered
Data from: 19th-century collapse of a benthic marine ecosystem on the open continental shelf
- 负责人：
- Tomasovych, Adam
- 关键词：
- historical ecology conservation paleobiology amino-acid racemization watershed history community paleoecology land use history
- DOI：
- doi:10.5061/dryad.0r76j.1
- 摘要：
- w spatial homogeneity and dominance of deposit- and detritus-feeders would have altered ecosystem functioning by reducing habitat heterogeneity and seawater
Data from: Ecomorphological convergence in planktivorous surgeonfishes
- 负责人：
- DOI：
- doi:10.5061/dryad.r7490
- 摘要：
- , acanthurids present an interesting case study as all other species feed by grazing on benthic algae and detritus, requiring a vastly different
Data from: Modeling effects of climate change and phase shifts on detrital production of a kelp bed
- 负责人：
- DOI：
- doi:10.5061/dryad.np274
- 摘要：
- of resource subsidies. Kelp ecosystems are highly productive on a local scale and export over 80% of kelp primary production as detritus, subsidizing consumers ac
Data from: Soil fauna responses to invasive alien plants are determined by trophic groups and habitat structure: a global meta-analysis
- 负责人：
- DOI：
- doi:10.5061/dryad.nr2250b
- 摘要：
- h detritus-based and live root-based trophic pathways. Abundances of predators and microbivores did not respond to the presence of IAS irrespective
Data from: Long-term belowground effects of grassland management: the key role of liming
- 负责人：
- Fornara, Dario
- 关键词：
- DOI：
- doi:10.5061/dryad.p0s23
- 摘要：
- significant (1) decreases in root mass, (2) increases in root mass decomposability and in the mineralization of N in decomposing root detritus
