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Data from: Comparison of 454 pyrosequencing methods for characterizing the major histocompatibility complex of nonmodel species and the advantages of ultra deep coverage
- 负责人：
- DOI：
- doi:10.5061/dryad.s5b40
- 摘要：
- of MHC DRB exon 2 in wolverines (Gulo gulo) and further compared the results with those from cloning and Sanger sequencing. We found 10 putative DRB
Data from: Roads elicit negative movement and habitat-selection responses by wolverines (Gulo gulo luscus)
- 负责人：
- DOI：
- doi:10.5061/dryad.44pp0
- 摘要：
- . We evaluated our predictions using an integrated step-selection analysis of wolverine (Gulo gulo luscus) space use in relation to spatially and temporally
Data from: Using partial aggregation in Spatial Capture Recapture
- 负责人：
- 关键词：
- Gulo gulo;wolverines
- DOI：
- doi:10.5061/dryad.pd612qp
- 摘要：
- (Gulo gulo) in Norway. 3. Spatial aggregation of detections, while reducing computation time, does indeed incur costs in terms of reduced precision
Data from: The fluctuating world of a tundra predator guild: bottom-up constraints overrule top-down species interactions in winter
- 负责人：
- DOI：
- doi:10.5061/dryad.rk64m4c
- 摘要：
- Vulpes vulpes, wolverine Gulo gulo) and small prey (ptarmigan, Lagopus spp). The a-priori top-down hypothesis was then tested throug
Data from: Failure to coordinate management in transboundary populations hinders the achievement of national management goals: the case of wolverines in Scandinavia
- 负责人：
- DOI：
- doi:10.5061/dryad.rd300kf
- 摘要：
- 1. Large carnivores are expanding in Europe, and their return is associated with conflicts that often result in policies to regulate their population size through culling. Being wide-ranging species, their populations are often distributed across several jurisdictions, which may vary in the extent to which they use lethal control. This creates the conditions for the establishment of source-sink dynamics across borders, which may frustrate the ability of countries to reach their respective management objectives. 2. To explore the consequences of this issue, we constructed a vec-permutation projection model, applied to the case of wolverines in south-central Scandinavia, shared between Norway (where they are culled) and Sweden (where they are protected). We evaluated the effect of compensatory immigration on wolverine population growth rates, and if the effect was influenced by the distance to the national border. We assessed to what extent compensatory immigration had an influence on the number of removals needed to keep the population at a given growth rate. 3. In Norway the model estimated a stable trend, whereas in Sweden it produced a 10% annual increase. The effect of compensatory immigration corresponded to a 0.02 reduction in population growth rate in Sweden and to a similar increase in Norway. This effect was stronger closer to the Norwegian-Swedish border, but weak when moving away from it. An average of 33 wolverines were shot per year in the Norwegian part of the study area. If no compensatory immigration from Sweden had occurred, 28 wolverines shot per year would have been sufficient to achieve the same goal. About 15.5% of all the individuals harvested in Norway between 2005-2012 were compensated for by immigrants, causing a decrease in population growth rate in Sweden. 4. Synthesis and applications. When a population is transboundary, the consequences of management decisions are also transboundary, even though the political bodies in charge of those decisions, the stakeholders who influence them, and the taxpayers who finance them are not. It is important that managers and citizens be informed that a difference in management goals can reduce the efficiency, and increase the costs, of wildlife management.
Data from: A local evaluation of the individual state-space to scale up Bayesian spatial capture recapture
- 负责人：
- Milleret, Cyril
- DOI：
- doi:10.5061/dryad.42m96c8
- 摘要：
- . We demonstrate the power of this new approach by mapping the density of an elusive large carnivore – the wolverine (Gulo gulo) – with an unprecedented resolution
Data from: Fatal attraction? Intraguild facilitation and suppression among predators
- 负责人：
- DOI：
- doi:10.5061/dryad.tj590
- 摘要：
- Competition and suppression are recognized as dominant forces that structure predator communities. Facilitation via carrion provisioning, however, is a ubiquitous interaction among predators that could offset the strength of suppression. Understanding the relative importance of these positive and negative interactions is necessary to anticipate community-wide responses to apex predator declines and recoveries worldwide. Using state-sponsored wolf (Canis lupus) control in Alaska as a quasi-experiment, we conducted snow track surveys of apex, meso-, and small predators to test for evidence of carnivore cascades (e.g., mesopredator release). We analyzed survey data using an integrative occupancy and structural equation modeling framework to quantify the strengths of hypothesized interaction pathways, and we evaluated fine-scale spatiotemporal responses of non-apex predators to wolf activity clusters identified from radio-collar data. Contrary to the carnivore cascade hypothesis, both meso- and small predator occupancy patterns indicated guild-wide, negative responses of non-apex predators to wolf abundance variations at the landscape scale. At the local scale, however, we observed a near guild-wide, positive response of non-apex predators to localized wolf activity. Local-scale association with apex predators due to scavenging could lead to landscape patterns of mesopredator suppression, suggesting a key link between occupancy patterns and the structure of predator communities at different spatial scales.
Data from: Estimating occupancy using spatially and temporally replicated snow surveys
- 负责人：
- DOI：
- doi:10.5061/dryad.v4p20
- 摘要：
- and temporally replicated data and applied them to snow-tracking surveys of six species including wolverine Gulo gulo and Canadian lynx Lynx
Data from: Environmental correlates of the Late Quaternary regional extinctions of large and small Palaearctic mammals
- 负责人：
- DOI：
- doi:10.5061/dryad.62p1q
- 摘要：
- Most studies of mammal extinctions during the Pleistocene–Holocene transition explore the relative effects of climate change vs. human impacts on these extinctions, but the relative importance of the different environmental factors involved remains poorly understood. Moreover, these studies are strongly biased towards megafauna, which may have been more influenced by human hunting than species of small body size. We examined the potential environmental causes of Pleistocene–Holocene mammal extinctions by linking regional environmental characteristics with the regional extinction rates of large and small mammals in 14 Palaearctic regions. We found that regional extinction rates were larger for megafauna, but extinction patterns across regions were similar for both size groups, emphasizing the importance of environmental change as an extinction factor as opposed to hunting. Still, the bias towards megafauna extinctions was larger in Southern Europe and smaller in central Eurasia. The loss of suitable habitats, low macroclimatic heterogeneity within regions and an increase in precipitation were identified as the strongest predictors of regional extinction rates. Suitable habitats for many species of the Last Glacial fauna were grassland and desert, but not tundra or forest. The low-extinction regions identified in central Eurasia are characterized by the continuous presence of grasslands and deserts until the present. In contrast, forest expansion associated with an increase in precipitation and temperature was likely the main factor causing habitat loss in the high-extinction regions. The shift of grassland into tundra also contributed to the loss of suitable habitats in northern Eurasia. Habitat loss was more strongly related to the extinctions of megafauna than of small mammals. Ungulate species with low tolerance to deep snow were more likely to go regionally extinct. Thus, the increase in precipitation at the Pleistocene–Holocene transition may have also directly contributed to the extinctions by creating deep snow cover which decreases forage availability in winter.
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