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Data from: Baculovirus-induced tree-top disease: how extended is the role of egt as a gene for the extended phenotype?
- 负责人：
- DOI：
- doi:10.5061/dryad.43100
- 摘要：
- the baculovirus Lymantria dispar multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (LdMNPV) was identified to induce tree-top disease in L. dispar larvae. Infected gypsy moth larvae
Data from: Trade-offs and mixed infections in an obligate-killing insect pathogen
- 负责人：
- Cory, Jenny S.
- 关键词：
- virulence mixed infections polymorphism entomopathogen infection diversity disease transmission
- DOI：
- doi:10.5061/dryad.427m6
- 摘要：
- variants from Spodoptera exempta nucleopolyhedrovirus (SpexNPV) isolated from the African armyworm, Spodoptera exempta. NPVs are obligate killers
Data from: Preschool children’s vision screening in New Zealand: a retrospective evaluation of referral accuracy
- 负责人：
- DOI：
- doi:10.5061/dryad.ht357
- 摘要：
- ers of false positive referrals, resulting in poor positive predictive value (PPV=31%, 95% CI 26% to 38%). High estimated negative predictive value (NPV=92%, 95% CI 88
Data from: Clinical and laboratory predictors of influenza infection among individuals with influenza-like illness presenting to an urban Thai hospital over a five-year period
- 负责人：
- DOI：
- doi:10.5061/dryad.t7n48
- 摘要：
- predictive model was 72.8%, with an NPV of 78.1% and a PPV of 59.7%. During epidemic periods, PPV improved to 68.5%. The PPV of the QuickVue assay relative to RT-PCR
Data from: Dynamics of macronutrient self-medication and illness-induced anorexia in virally-infected insects
- 负责人：
- DOI：
- doi:10.5061/dryad.ps173
- 摘要：
- 1. Some animals change their feeding behaviour when infected with parasites, seeking out substances that enhance their ability to overcome infection. This “self-medication” is typically considered to involve the consumption of toxins, minerals or secondary compounds. However, recent studies have shown that macronutrients can influence the immune response, and that pathogen-challenged individuals can self-medicate by choosing a diet rich in protein and low in carbohydrates. Infected individuals might also reduce food intake when infected (i.e. illness-induced anorexia). 2. Here, we examine macronutrient self-medication and illness-induced anorexia in caterpillars of the African armyworm (Spodoptera exempta) by asking how individuals change their feeding decisions over the time course of infection with a baculovirus. We measured self-medication behaviour across several full-sib families to evaluate the plasticity of diet choice and underlying genetic variation. 3. Larvae restricted to diets high in protein (P) and low in carbohydrate (C) were more likely to survive a virus challenge than those restricted to diets with a low P:C ratio. When allowed free choice, virus-challenged individuals chose a higher protein diet than controls. 4. Individuals challenged with either a lethal or sub-lethal dose of virus increased the P:C ratio of their chosen diets. This was mostly due to a sharp decline in carbohydrate intake, rather than an increased intake of protein, reducing overall food intake, consistent with an illness-induced anorexic response. Over time the P:C ratio of the diet decreased until it matched that of controls. 5. Our study provides the clearest evidence yet for dietary self-medication using macronutrients, and shows that the temporal dynamics of feeding behaviour depends on the severity and stage of the infection. The strikingly similar behaviour shown by different families suggests that self-medication is phenotypically plastic and not a consequence of genetically-based differences in diet choice between families.
Data from: Baculovirus infection triggers a positive phototactic response in caterpillars (a response to Dobson et al. Biol Letters 2015).
- 负责人：
- DOI：
- doi:10.5061/dryad.2fk77
- 摘要：
- We recently reported that baculovirus Spodoptera exigua multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (SeMNPV) triggers positive phototaxis in Spodoptera exigua
Data from: Can perfusion CT unmask postictal stroke mimics? A case-control study of 133 patients
- 负责人：
- 关键词：
- Postictal paresis;Todd's phenomenon;Volume perfusion CT;stroke mimic;Diagnostic test assessment
- DOI：
- doi:10.5061/dryad.0p710k7
- 摘要：
- ) is 42% CI [27.5-58.7], the negative predictive value (npv) 83% CI [78.6-86.9]. A cortical distribution was seen in all hyperperfusion scans, compared
Data from: Bottom-up trait-mediated indirect effects decrease pathogen transmission in a tritrophic system
- 负责人：
- DOI：
- doi:10.5061/dryad.p9d27nh
- 摘要：
- A plant's induction of secondary defenses helps to decrease herbivore damage by changing resource quality. While these chemical or physical defenses may directly decrease herbivory, they can also have indirect consequences. In a tritrophic system consisting of a plant, an insect herbivore, and an insect pathogen, plant based trait-mediated indirect effects (TMIEs) can alter host-pathogen interactions and, thereby, indirectly affect disease transmission. In a series of field experiments, individual soybean plants (Glycine max) were sprayed with either a Jasmonic Acid (JA) solution to trigger induction of plant defenses or a similar control compound. Fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) larvae along with varying amounts of a lethal baculovirus were placed on the plants to measure transmission. Induction of plant defenses decreased viral transmission due to increased population heterogeneity arising from changes in individual susceptibility. The change in susceptibility via TMIEs was driven by a decrease in feeding rates and an increase viral dose needed to infect larvae. While the induction against herbivore attack may decrease herbivory, it can also decrease the efficacy of the herbivore's pathogen potentially to the plant's detriment. While TMIEs have been well-recognized for being driven by top-down forces, bottom-up interactions can dictate community dynamics and, here, epizootic severity.
Data from: Prospective, observational study comparing automated and visual point-of-care urinalysis in general practice
- 负责人：
- 关键词：
- Point-of-care testing;urinalysis;General Practice;urine analysis;Urinary tract infections;Diagnosis
- DOI：
- doi:10.5061/dryad.rp65k
- 摘要：
- sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) and Cohen's ? coefficient for agreement. Secondary outcome measure
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