Cambodia : Overview of a Cambodian Seed Sector

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作者：

World Bank Group

来源地址：

http://hdl.handle.net/10986/22402

关键词：

OWN SEED;  PRODUCER GROUPS;  FERTILIZER;  FARMER;  SEED CONDITIONING;  BEANS;  PRICE PREMIUM;  HYBRID SEED;  PESTICIDE;  FARM MANAGEMENT;  SEED MULTIPLICATION;  FOUNDATION SEED;  COMMUNITY-BASED ORGANIZATIONS;  CONTRACT FARMING ARRANGEMENTS;  MODERN FACILITIES;  PLANTING;  CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS;  PRODUCTION COST;  AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION;  TOMATOES;  RICE CROP;  MUNG BEANS;  AGRONOMY;  GRAIN PRODUCTION;  PRODUCT QUALITY;  FARM INCOME;  GERMPLASM;  CULTIVARS;  FARMER INCOMES;  RICE TRADE;  FERTILIZERS;  INDUSTRIAL CROPS;  PLANS;  SMALL FARMERS;  MOLD;  SOIL TYPE;  SEED REGULATIONS;  MAIZE;  MULCH;  SEED CERTIFICATION;  RICE GERMPLASM;  PLANTS;  PRODUCTION SYSTEM;  EGGPLANT;  CLIMATIC CONDITIONS;  CROP PRODUCTION;  CEREALS;  PRODUCTION SYSTEM;  LABOR COSTS;  PRODUCTION METHOD;  CONTRACT GROWERS;  QUALITY SEED;  DATES;  HYBRID RICE;  COMMERCIAL SEED;  PANICLES;  SEEDS;  SOYBEANS;  RICE MILLING;  PRIVATE SEED COMPANIES;  INTERNATIONAL RICE RESEARCH INSTITUTE;  SEED;  PADDY;  FRUITS;  VEGETABLES;  SEED CROPS;  COMMERCIAL SEED PRODUCTION;  FIELD WORK;  FARMER PRODUCERS;  FARMING;  SEED STORAGE;  PLANT BREEDERS;  FARMERS;  JUTE;  SEED LAWS;  PLANT VARIETY PROTECTION;  GRAINS;  MUNGBEANS;  CULTIVATED LAND;  MELONS;  CROPS;  SOYBEAN;  PRODUCE;  TRANSPLANTING;  SEED VARIETIES;  CROP YIELDS;  HYBRID SEEDS;  STRAW;  FARMER ASSOCIATIONS;  FOOD SECURITY;  AGRONOMIC PRACTICES;  PLANT BREEDING;  CROP;  HARVESTING MACHINES;  SEEDLINGS;  AGRIBUSINESS;  SEED SECTOR;  SEED COMPANIES;  AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS;  CULTIVATION;  SEED PRODUCERS;  SEED CERTIFICATION;  PRODUCTION METHODS;  CROPPING;  FAO;  DRY SEASON;  RICE PRODUCTION;  RICE RESEARCH;  CUCUMBERS;  RICE HULLS;  SEED STORAGE;  HYBRIDS;  CERTIFICATION STANDARDS;  HARVESTING;  GRAIN QUALITY;  SEED CONDITIONING;  WEEDS;  IRRI;  AGRICULTURAL INPUTS;  SEED TREATMENT;  FISHERIES;  PLANT BREEDERS;  TRAINED FARMERS;  AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS;  GROWING SEASON;  SEED PRODUCTION;  PRODUCTION SYSTEMS;  COMMERCIAL SEED PRODUCTION;  SEED SYSTEM;  CORN;  FARM;  RA;  ORGANIC CROPS;  CONTRACT FARMING;  FARMS;  POOR FARMERS;  WILD RICE;  RICE VARIETIES;  BROCCOLI;  BUSINESS PLANS;  SEED PRODUCTION;  COOPERATIVES;  SEED TESTING;  SOIL TYPES;  AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY;  RICE;  BREEDER SEED;  COMMERCIAL SEED;  YIELDS;  PRODUCTION ACTIVITIES;  SEED INDUSTRY;  CROP MANAGEMENT;  RICE FIELDS;  HECTARES OF RICE;  FOUNDATION SEED;  COMMODITY;  GRAIN;  TILLAGE;  SEED TESTING;  PRODUCTION COSTS;  SEED PRODUCERS;  Report; 

年份：

2011

出版地：

Washington,USA

语种：

English

摘要：

The use of quality seed is a major component of increased yields in crop production. Quality seed and seed programs in a country does not emerge by happenstance; it is created by a combination of many factors that include variety development, seed production, quality control, processing, marketing, and governmental oversight. As the seed sector in a country matures, each of these factors becomes more important and plays a more important role in the growth of the agricultural sector. The seed program in Cambodia is interestingly different from that in many other developing countries. Even without a true seed program in Cambodia, farmers understand the need to plant quality seed to increase crop yields. When structuring this growing seed industry, it is important to look at current practices and to incorporate these practices into programs. Since a major thrust of the seed program in Cambodia involves rice, it is important to consider its role in the average Cambodian’s life. Cambodia’s climate must also be accounted for in any decisions regarding seed. Its heat and humidity causes rapid deterioration of seed viability and germination in rice and other seeds in both the growth and storage phases. CARDI research has shown that the level of rice germination falls below 80-85 percent within 6-8 months after harvest; this means that seed must be planted during the growing season following harvest. Therefore, any seed produced beyond immediate planting needs for the next crop is used for milling; seed production costs for that seed cannot be recouped. When seed producers’ budgets are constrained, they often plan their seed production based on conservative seed sales estimates.