Tajikistan Country Gender Assessment

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作者：

World Bank

来源地址：

http://hdl.handle.net/10986/21826

关键词：

ACCESS TO INFORMATION;  ADOLESCENT GIRLS;  AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES;  AGRICULTURAL SECTOR;  BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT;  BUSINESS WORKSHOPS;  CHILD HEALTH;  CHILDBEARING;  CHILDBIRTH;  CIVIL SOCIETY ACTORS;  CIVIL WAR;  CORRUPTION;  COUNTRY GENDER ASSESSMENT;  CULTURAL RIGHTS;  DELIVERY CARE;  DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGES;  DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILES;  DISCRIMINATION;  DISCRIMINATION AGAINST WOMEN;  DISEASES;  DOMESTIC VIOLENCE;  EARLY MARRIAGE;  EARLY MARRIAGES;  EARNINGS;  ECONOMIC ACTIVITY;  ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS;  ECONOMIC CRISIS;  ECONOMIC GROWTH;  ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES;  ECONOMIC RESOURCES;  ECONOMIC SITUATION;  EDUCATED WOMEN;  EDUCATION SYSTEM;  EDUCATIONAL CHOICES;  ELDERLY;  ELDERLY MEN;  ELDERLY WOMEN;  ELIMINATION OF DISCRIMINATION;  EMPLOYEE;  EMPLOYERS;  EMPLOYMENT STATUS;  ENDOWMENTS;  ENROLLMENT;  ENROLMENT RATES;  ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITIES;  EQUAL ACCESS;  EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES;  EQUAL PAY;  EQUAL RIGHTS;  EQUAL WORK;  EQUALITY IN EDUCATION;  EQUALITY OF MEN;  EXPENDITURE;  FAMILIES;  FEMALE EDUCATION;  FEMALE EMPLOYMENT;  FEMALE ENTREPRENEURS;  FEMALE ENTREPRENEURSHIP;  FEMALE POPULATION;  FEMALE STAFF;  FEMALE STUDENTS;  FEMALE WORKERS;  FERTILITY;  FERTILITY RATES;  FINANCIAL CONSTRAINTS;  FINANCIAL LITERACY;  FINANCIAL RESOURCES;  FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSIONS;  FORMS OF DISCRIMINATION;  FUTURE GENERATIONS;  GENDER;  GENDER ANALYSES;  GENDER ASSESSMENT;  GENDER AWARENESS;  GENDER DISCRIMINATION;  GENDER DISPARITIES;  GENDER EQUALITY;  GENDER GAP;  GENDER GAPS;  GENDER ISSUES;  GENDER MAINSTREAMING;  GENDER POLICIES;  GENDER RELATIONS;  GENDER ROLES;  GENDER SEGREGATION;  GENDER STEREOTYPES;  GENDER STUDIES;  HEALTH RISKS;  HEALTH SECTOR;  HEALTH SERVICES;  HEALTH SYSTEM;  HEALTH SYSTEMS;  HIV;  HIV INFECTION;  HIV INFECTIONS;  HOUSEHOLD LEVEL;  HOUSEHOLD POVERTY;  HOUSEHOLDS;  HUMAN CAPITAL;  HUMAN DEVELOPMENT;  HUMAN RIGHTS;  HUSBAND;  HUSBANDS;  ID;  IMPORTANT POLICY;  INCLUSION OF WOMEN;  INDIVIDUAL ENTREPRENEURS;  INFANT;  INFORMAL SECTOR;  INFORMAL SECTOR EMPLOYMENT;  INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK;  INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISMS;  INTERNATIONAL FINANCE;  INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION;  INTRAVENOUS DRUG USE;  JOINT LIABILITY;  JOURNALISTS;  LABOR FORCE;  LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION;  LABOR MARKET;  LABOR MIGRANTS;  LABOR MIGRATION;  LABOUR MARKET;  LACK OF ACCESS;  LACK OF COLLATERALS;  LACK OF FINANCE;  LEGAL ADVICE;  LEGAL RIGHTS;  LEVELS OF EDUCATION;  LIFE EXPECTANCY;  LIMITED ACCESS;  LITERACY RATES;  LIVE BIRTHS;  LIVING STANDARDS;  LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES;  MALE INVOLVEMENT;  MARKET ECONOMY;  MASS MEDIA;  MATERNAL HEALTH;  MATERNAL MORTALITY;  MICRO-FINANCE;  MIGRANT;  MIGRANT HOUSEHOLDS;  MIGRANTS;  MIGRATION;  MORTALITY;  MOTHER;  NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT;  NATIONAL LEVEL;  NATIONAL STRATEGY;  NEW BUSINESSES;  NUMBER OF WOMEN;  OLD-AGE;  OUTREACH;  PENSIONS;  POLICY IMPLICATIONS;  POLICY RESEARCH;  POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER;  POLITICAL DECISION;  POLITICAL PARTIES;  POLITICAL PARTY;  POLITICAL RIGHTS;  POLITICAL RIGHTS OF WOMEN;  POPULATION GROWTH;  POPULATION STUDY;  PREGNANCY;  PRIMARY EDUCATION;  PRINCIPLE OF EQUALITY;  PRODUCTIVITY;  PROGRESS;  PROMOTING GENDER EQUALITY;  PUBLIC LIFE;  RELIGIOUS PRACTICES;  REMITTANCES;  REPRESENTATION OF WOMEN;  REPRODUCTIVE ROLES;  RESPECT;  RIGHTS OF WOMEN;  ROLE OF WOMEN;  RURAL DEVELOPMENT;  RURAL HOUSEHOLDS;  RURAL WOMEN;  SAFETY NET;  SCHOLARSHIPS;  SECONDARY EDUCATION;  SECONDARY ENROLMENT;  SECONDARY SCHOOL;  SEX;  SEXUAL INTERCOURSE;  SEXUAL VIOLENCE;  SHADOW REPORT;  SKILL DEVELOPMENT;  SOCIAL ASSISTANCE;  SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT;  SOCIAL EXCLUSION;  SOCIAL NORMS;  SOCIAL SECURITY;  SOCIAL UNREST;  STATE POLICY;  STATE SUPPORT;  SUPPORT FOR WOMEN;  TERTIARY EDUCATION;  TERTIARY LEVEL;  TRADITIONAL GENDER ROLES;  UNDP;  UNESCO;  UNICEF;  UNION;  UNITED NATIONS;  UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT FUND FOR WOMEN;  UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME;  UNITED STATES AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT;  VICIOUS CYCLE;  VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN;  WOMAN;  WORKING CONDITIONS;  WORLD POPULATION;  YOUNG WOMEN;  Report; 

年份：

2013

出版地：

Washington,USA

语种：

English

摘要：

The aim of this report is to provide a broad overview of the current state of gender equality in Tajikistan. While the Europe and Central Asia (ECA) region traditionally surpassed many other regions in terms of gender equality, this advantage has been eroding in recent decades. Particularly in Tajikistan, concerns have been raised that men and women have unequally born the consequences of economic, political, and social transitions after independence in 1991. The report examines several dimensions of gender equality both quantitatively and qualitatively. Tajikistan has set up a legal framework that enshrines principles of equality and non-discrimination, but better implementation results require continued efforts. Prevailing social norms and patriarchal systems of decision-making limit women s ability to make effective choices be it at home or at work. The paper is structured along the following lines. The first section introduces the idea of agency that will remain an important issue throughout the report. This is followed by an analysis of disparities in human capital endowment, including health and education. Gender gaps in the Tajik labor market and entrepreneurial activities of men and women are discussed in the fourth and fifth section. The final section concludes with some policy recommendations that might be beneficial for discussions among policy-makers, civil society actors, and development partners.