Bolivia : Challenges and Constraints to Gender Equality and Women’s Empowerment

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作者：

World Bank Group

来源地址：

http://hdl.handle.net/10986/23829

关键词：

CHILD HEALTH;  ACCESS TO HEALTH CARE;  UNEMPLOYMENT RATES;  REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH;  EARLY PREGNANCY;  ECONOMIC GROWTH;  SKILLED HEALTH PERSONNEL;  SEXUAL RIGHTS;  INTERCOURSE;  MALE LABOR FORCE;  FIRST CHILD;  FAMILY SUPPORT;  PUBLIC EDUCATION;  PERSISTENT DISPARITIES;  RURAL WOMEN;  LIVE BIRTHS;  POLITICAL RIGHTS;  LABOR FORCE;  DEVELOPING COUNTRIES;  DISCRIMINATION;  HEALTH CARE;  LEGAL STATUS;  DROPOUT;  SKILLED STAFF;  LAND TENURE;  NATIONAL LEVEL;  HOSPITAL;  ACCESS TO EDUCATION;  MATERNAL MORTALITY;  INDIGENOUS POPULATIONS;  HEALTH SECTOR;  KNOWLEDGE;  RIGHTS OF WOMEN;  LABOR MARKET;  TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE;  GENDER GAP;  VICTIMS OF VIOLENCE;  QUALITY OF EDUCATION;  EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT;  RESOURCE CONSTRAINTS;  FERTILITY RATES;  GENDER GAP IN LITERACY;  INCOME INEQUALITY;  BABY;  SEXUALITY;  PUBLIC HOSPITALS;  CHILD DEVELOPMENT;  SECONDARY SCHOOL;  ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT;  ADOPTION;  PRIMARY SCHOOLING;  PARTICIPATION IN DECISION;  GENDER NORMS;  GENDER INEQUALITIES;  HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS;  TEENS;  MORTALITY RATE;  LAND OWNERSHIP;  SEXUAL INTERCOURSE;  PUBLIC SPHERE;  ADOLESCENT FERTILITY;  PLACE OF RESIDENCE;  INDIGENOUS GROUPS;  URBAN DWELLERS;  MORTALITY;  RESPECT;  PROGRESS;  UNIONS;  INFANT MORTALITY;  HUMAN CAPITAL;  GENDER GAPS;  INFANT;  UNIVERSAL EDUCATION;  TRANSPORTATION;  POLICIES;  CONTRACEPTIVES;  GENDER DIFFERENCES;  ECONOMIC RESOURCES;  SCHOOL ATTENDANCE;  TEENAGER;  INDIGENOUS PEOPLE;  CENSUS OF POPULATION;  CONTRACEPTIVE METHOD;  ENHANCING WOMEN;  GENDER DISPARITIES;  SECONDARY SCHOOLING;  POPULATIONS;  YOUNG CHILDREN;  ADOLESCENTS;  CHILDBEARING;  SOCIAL WELFARE;  OLDER WOMEN;  SPILLOVER;  CHILD MORTALITY;  SEX;  POLICY BRIEF;  MINORITY;  RURAL RESIDENTS;  ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES;  MATERNAL HEALTH;  PARTICIPATION OF WOMEN;  SEXUAL RELATIONS;  HEALTH PROVIDERS;  CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS;  NATIONAL PLAN;  VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN;  INDIGENOUS PEOPLES;  SOCIAL TRANSFORMATION;  FEMINIST;  LIMITED RESOURCES;  MALE INVOLVEMENT;  POPULATION;  TRAUMA;  CHILD LABOR;  POLICY RESEARCH;  GENDER DISCRIMINATION;  NEWBORN;  SEXUAL VIOLENCE;  MATERNAL MORTALITY RATES;  GENDER ROLES;  COMPLICATIONS;  URBAN POPULATION;  SECONDARY EDUCATION;  POLITICAL PARTICIPATION;  INVESTMENTS IN EDUCATION;  PREGNANCY;  POLITICAL INSTABILITY;  BOTH SEXES;  LEGAL RIGHTS;  NEWBORN CARE;  HUMAN DEVELOPMENT;  SOCIAL NORMS;  SEXUALLY ACTIVE;  CONTRACEPTION;  PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT;  ABUSE;  ILLITERACY;  INFORMATION SYSTEM;  UNIVERSAL RIGHT;  CULTURAL PRACTICES;  LEVELS OF EDUCATION;  ETHNIC GROUPS;  SOCIAL EXPECTATIONS;  HEALTH INSURANCE;  TEEN;  GENDER EQUITY;  GENDER PARITY;  POLICY DISCUSSIONS;  ECONOMIC RIGHTS;  CHILD BIRTH;  RURAL POPULATION;  VULNERABILITY;  HEALTH FACILITIES;  SPOUSES;  RURAL POPULATIONS;  MINISTRY OF HEALTH;  GENDER STEREOTYPES;  HEALTH SYSTEMS;  DEMOCRACY;  FERTILITY RATE;  ACCESS TO HEALTH SERVICES;  HOUSEHOLD INCOME;  MEDICAL CARE;  SERVICE PROVISION;  MARRIAGE;  RISK OF PREGNANCY;  PRIMARY SCHOOL;  GENDER ISSUES;  RULE OF LAW;  TEENAGERS;  UNEMPLOYMENT;  HOUSEHOLD LEVEL;  CHILDBIRTH;  RURAL WOMAN;  SCHOOL YEAR;  TEENAGE PREGNANCY;  AGE OF MARRIAGE;  DOMESTIC VIOLENCE;  CLIMATE CHANGE;  EQUAL ACCESS;  SOCIAL SERVICES;  SMALL ENTERPRISES;  ADOLESCENT GIRLS;  RISKY BEHAVIOR;  HIV;  EMPOWERING WOMEN;  WOMAN;  POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER;  PENSIONS;  EXPOSURE TO VIOLENCE;  NATIONAL LEVELS;  URBAN CENTERS;  SOCIAL POLICY;  SEXUAL ACTIVITY;  WORKSHOP;  VICTIMS;  URBAN AREAS;  FAMILY PLANNING;  SOCIAL SCIENCE;  ROLE OF WOMEN;  MALE PARTICIPATION;  DISCRIMINATORY PRACTICES;  MOTHER;  ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY;  POLICY;  HEALTH POLICIES;  HUMAN RIGHTS;  PREGNANT WOMEN;  LEVEL OF EDUCATION;  RESOLUTION;  POPULATION ASSOCIATION;  RURAL AREAS;  FEMALE LABOR FORCE;  YOUNG WOMEN;  PSYCHOLOGICAL ABUSE;  TEEN PREGNANCY;  DISPARITIES BETWEEN MEN;  STUDENTS;  URBAN WOMEN;  EARLY DETECTION;  MARRIED WOMEN;  MATERNAL MORTALITY RATE;  FERTILITY;  POLITICAL PROCESS;  PRIMARY EDUCATION;  SCHOOL BUILDINGS;  WOMEN;  URBAN POPULATIONS;  AIDS;  BARRIERS TO WOMEN;  TERTIARY EDUCATION;  HEALTH SERVICES;  GENDER RELATIONS;  ABORTION;  DECLINE IN FERTILITY;  GENDER EQUALITY;  SCHOOL AGE;  Report; 

年份：

2015

出版地：

Washington,USA

语种：

English

摘要：

This note aims to provide information and analysis as a basis for a better understanding of the challenges and constraints of achieving gender equality in Bolivia, with a special focus on the intersectionality between gender and ethnicity. Combining and analyzing existing evidence and new data, it seeks to document gender-specific disparities in development outcomes, highlight opportunities and constraints to women’s empowerment, and identify areas in which continuing knowledge gaps are particularly important to understand and address gender inequalities. The analysis in this note suggests that: there is important progress in development outcomes for women, in their access to services and to decision-making spaces; the intersection of gender and ethnicity deepens the gaps in some development outcomes in Bolivia; women feel discriminated against in different aspects of their lives, in particular indigenous women. Not having access to economic opportunities limit women’s agency; and while women with higher levels of agency are able to more fully take advantage of existing opportunities.