Nicaragua Social Protection Public Expenditure Review

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作者：

Marques, Jose Silverio

来源地址：

http://hdl.handle.net/10986/28104

关键词：

ACCESS TO HEALTH SERVICES;  ACCESS TO JUSTICE;  ACCESS TO MARKETS;  ADOLESCENTS;  ADULT EDUCATION;  ADULT LITERACY;  AGRARIAN REFORM;  AGRICULTURAL WAGE;  AUTONOMOUS REGION;  AUTONOMOUS REGIONS;  BABIES;  BABY;  BASIC EDUCATION;  BASIC INFRASTRUCTURE;  BASIC SOCIAL SERVICES;  BREASTFEEDING;  CHILD DEVELOPMENT;  CHILD LABOR;  CHRONIC MALNUTRITION;  CITIZEN;  CITIZENS;  CITIZENSHIP;  CLINICS;  COMMERCIAL BANKS;  COMMODITY PRICE STABILIZATION;  COMMUNITY AFFAIRS;  COMMUNITY HEALTH;  COMPREHENSIVE CARE;  COST EFFECTIVENESS;  COST-EFFECTIVENESS;  CRIME;  CROP INSURANCE;  CYCLE OF POVERTY;  DIET;  DISABILITY;  DISASTER PREPAREDNESS;  DISASTER PREVENTION;  DISASTERS;  DIVERSIFICATION;  DOMESTIC VIOLENCE;  EARLY CHILDBEARING;  EARLY CHILDHOOD;  EARLY DEATH;  EARLY PREGNANCY;  ECONOMIC GROWTH;  ECONOMIC PROGRESS;  EDUCATION OF CHILDREN;  EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT;  EMERGENCY AID;  EMERGENCY RELIEF;  ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION;  EXTREME POVERTY;  FAMILIES;  FARM AREA;  FARM HOUSEHOLDS;  FARM SIZE;  FARMER;  FARMERS;  FERTILITY;  FERTILITY RATE;  FIRST CHILD;  FOOD CONSUMPTION;  FOOD INSECURITY;  FOOD INTAKE;  GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS;  HEALTH CARE;  HEALTH CENTERS;  HEALTH EXPENDITURES;  HEALTH FACILITIES;  HEALTH INDICATORS;  HEALTH INSURANCE;  HEALTH SECTOR;  HEALTH SERVICES;  HEALTH SYSTEM;  HEALTH SYSTEMS;  HOSPITAL;  HOSPITALIZATION;  HOSPITALS;  HOUSEHOLD PARTICIPATION;  HOUSING;  HUMAN CAPITAL;  HUMAN DEVELOPMENT;  HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX;  HUMAN RIGHTS;  ILLITERACY;  ILLITERACY RATE;  ILLNESS;  IMMUNE SYSTEM;  IMMUNIZATION;  INADEQUATE FOOD;  INCIDENCE OF POVERTY;  INCOME;  INCOME QUINTILE;  INFANT;  INJURIES;  INTERMEDIARIES;  INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION;  INTERNATIONAL TREATIES;  IRON;  IRRIGATION;  ISOLATION;  LABOR FORCE;  LABOR MARKET;  LACK OF EDUCATION;  LACK OF KNOWLEDGE;  LACK OF MECHANISMS;  LAND DISTRIBUTION;  LAND TENURE;  LAND TENURE INSECURITY;  LAWS;  LEGISLATIVE ACTIONS;  LEVEL OF EDUCATION;  LIVE BIRTHS;  LOCAL DEVELOPMENT;  LOW BIRTH WEIGHT;  MALNOURISHED CHILDREN;  MALNUTRITION AMONG CHILDREN;  MANDATES;  MATERNAL MORTALITY;  MATERNAL MORTALITY RATES;  MEDICAL STAFF;  MEDICINES;  MINISTRY OF EDUCATION;  MINISTRY OF HEALTH;  MORTALITY;  MORTALITY RATE;  MOTHER;  NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT;  NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN;  NATIONAL LEVEL;  NATURAL DISASTER;  NATURAL DISASTERS;  NATURAL RESOURCES;  NATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT;  NEONATAL MORTALITY;  NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS;  NUMBER OF PEOPLE;  NUMBER OF PERSONS;  NUTRITION;  NUTRITIONAL STATUS;  OLD AGE;  PARASITIC DISEASES;  PATIENT;  PENSIONS;  PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES;  PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES;  POOR;  POOR CHILDREN;  POOR COMMUNITIES;  POOR EDUCATION;  POOR FAMILIES;  POOR GIRLS;  POOR HOUSEHOLDS;  POOR PEOPLE;  POOR POPULATION;  POPULATION ESTIMATES;  POVERTY ANALYSIS;  POVERTY ASSESSMENT;  POVERTY INCIDENCE;  POVERTY MEASUREMENT;  POVERTY REDUCTION;  POVERTY SITUATION;  PREGNANCIES;  PREGNANCY;  PREGNANT WOMEN;  PREMATURE DEATH;  PRIMARY EDUCATION;  PRIMARY SCHOOL;  PROGRESS;  PUBLIC EDUCATION;  PUBLIC HEALTH;  PUBLIC HEALTH PROBLEM;  PUBLIC SPENDING;  RAPE;  REGIONAL DISPARITIES;  REGIONAL PROGRAM;  REPEATERS;  REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH;  REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH SERVICES;  RESPECT;  RISK MANAGEMENT;  RULE OF LAW;  RURAL;  RURAL AREAS;  RURAL DEVELOPMENT;  RURAL HOUSEHOLDS;  RURAL POPULATION;  RURAL SCHOOLS;  SAFE WATER;  SAFETY NET;  SANITATION;  SAVINGS;  SCHOOL ATTENDANCE;  SCHOOLING;  SECONDARY EDUCATION;  SECONDARY ENROLMENT;  SECONDARY SCHOOL;  SEX;  SEXUAL VIOLENCE;  SMALL FARMS;  SOCIAL ASSISTANCE;  SOCIAL EXCLUSION;  SOCIAL PLANNING;  SOCIAL PROGRAMS;  SOCIAL PROTECTION;  SOCIAL SECURITY;  SOCIAL SERVICES;  SOCIAL SPENDING;  SPOUSE;  STRUCTURAL TRANSFORMATION;  TARGETING;  TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE;  TEEN;  TEEN PREGNANCY;  TEENAGER;  TEENAGERS;  TEENS;  TETANUS;  TRANSPORTATION;  UNEMPLOYMENT;  URBAN AREAS;  VICTIMS;  VIOLATIONS OF WOMEN;  VIOLENCE;  VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN;  VOCATIONAL TRAINING;  VULNERABILITY;  VULNERABLE GROUPS;  WAR;  WAR VICTIMS;  WORKERS;  WORKING POPULATION;  YOUNG ADULTS;  Report;  Rapport;  Informe; 

年份：

2008

出版地：

Washington,USA

语种：

English

摘要：

This review of public expenditures on Social Protection (SP) in Nicaragua is based on the analytical framework of Social Risk Management (SRM) developed by the World Bank. The concept of managing social risk comes from the notion that certain groups in society are vulnerable to unexpected shocks which threaten their livelihood and/or survival. Social protection focuses on the poor since they are more vulnerable to the risks and normally do not have the instruments to handle these risks. This prevents the poor from taking more risky activities that usually yield higher returns and that could help them overcome gradually their poverty situation. Social risk management involves policies and programs aimed at reducing key risks, breaking inter-generational cycle of poverty and vulnerability. Risk management consists in the choice of appropriate risk prevention, mitigation and coping strategies to minimize the adverse impact of social risks. Social protection under SRM is defined as public interventions to assist individuals, households and communities to better manage risk and provide support to the critically poor. Thus Social protection should provide: a safety net, particularly for the poor that are likely to fall in the cracks of established programs; and a springboard for the poor to bounce out of poverty.