Beyond the Sum of Its Parts : Combining Financial Instruments to Support Low-Carbon Development

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作者：

World Bank

来源地址：

http://hdl.handle.net/10986/27753

关键词：

ABATEMENT;  ABATEMENT COST;  ACCESS TO RESOURCES;  AGRICULTURAL EMISSIONS;  AGRICULTURAL SECTOR;  AGRICULTURAL SECTORS;  ALTERNATIVE ENERGY;  APPROVAL PROCEDURES;  APPROVAL PROCESSES;  ATMOSPHERE;  BANK FINANCING;  BANK LOAN;  BANK LOANS;  BENEFITS;  BIOMASS;  BUSINESS RISKS;  CAPACITY;  CAPACITY BUILDING;  CAPITAL;  CAPITAL COSTS;  CARBON CAPTURE;  CARBON DIOXIDE;  CARBON FINANCE;  CARBON MARKET;  CARBON MARKETS;  CARBON MITIGATION;  CARBON PRICES;  CARBON TAXES;  CARBON TECHNOLOGIES;  CASH FLOW;  CASH FLOWS;  CERTIFIED EMISSION REDUCTIONS;  CFC;  CHLOROFLUOROCARBON;  CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM;  CLEAN ENERGY;  CLEAN ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES;  CLEAN ENERGY TECHNOLOGY;  CLEAN TECHNOLOGIES;  CLEAN TECHNOLOGY;  CLIMATE;  CLIMATE CHANGE;  CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION;  CLIMATE RESILIENCE;  CLIMATE-CHANGE;  CO2;  COLORS;  COMBUSTION;  COMPACT FLUORESCENT LAMPS;  CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK;  CONSUMER EDUCATION;  CONVENTIONAL BANK;  CREDIT;  CREDIT ENHANCEMENT;  CREDIT RISKS;  CREDITS;  DEMAND-SIDE MANAGEMENT;  DEVELOPING COUNTRIES;  DEVELOPMENT BANK;  DEVELOPMENT BANKS;  DEVELOPMENT FINANCE;  DIFFUSION;  DISTRICT HEATING;  DNA;  DOCUMENTATION REQUIREMENTS;  DONOR FUNDS;  DONOR RESOURCES;  ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT;  ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF CLIMATE CHANGE;  ECONOMIC GROWTH;  ECONOMICS;  ECONOMIES;  ECONOMIES OF SCALE;  EFFECTIVE DEMAND;  EFFICIENT LAMPS;  ELECTRICITY;  ELECTRICITY GENERATION;  EMISSION;  EMISSION GROWTH;  EMISSION REDUCTION;  EMISSION REDUCTION POTENTIAL;  EMISSION REDUCTION TARGETS;  EMISSION REDUCTION UNITS;  EMISSION REDUCTIONS;  EMISSION SAVINGS;  ENERGY;  ENERGY EFFICIENCY;  ENERGY EFFICIENCY PROGRAMS;  ENERGY SAVINGS;  ENVIRONMENT;  ENVIRONMENTAL;  ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS;  EXISTING BARRIERS;  EXTERNAL COSTS;  EXTERNALITIES;  FACE VALUE;  FAMILY;  FEASIBILITY;  FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE;  FINANCIAL INCENTIVES;  FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS;  FINANCIAL INSTRUMENT;  FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS;  FINANCIAL MECHANISM;  FINANCIAL OPTIONS;  FINANCIAL PRODUCTS;  FINANCIAL RESOURCES;  FINANCIAL RETURN;  FINANCIAL RETURNS;  FINANCIAL SUPPORT;  FINANCIAL TOOLS;  FINANCIAL VIABILITY;  FINANCING;  FINANCING NEEDS;  FOREST;  FOREST CARBON;  FOREST INVESTMENT;  FORESTRY;  FOSSIL FUEL;  FOSSIL FUELS;  FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE;  FUNDING SOURCES;  FUTURE;  GHG;  GHGS;  GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT FACILITY;  GRANT;  GREENHOUSE;  GREENHOUSE GAS;  GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS;  GREENHOUSE GASES;  GUARANTEE;  GUARANTEE AGENCY;  GUARANTEES;  HUMAN RESOURCES;  INCANDESCENT BULBS;  INCENTIVES;  INCOME;  INSTITUTIONAL SUPPORT;  INTEREST;  INTEREST RATES;  INTERESTS;  INTERNAL RATE OF RETURN;  INTERNATIONAL BANK;  INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT;  INTERNATIONAL FINANCE;  INVESTMENT CAPITAL;  INVESTMENT DECISIONS;  INVESTMENT FUNDS;  INVESTMENT LOAN;  INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES;  INVESTMENT PLAN;  INVESTMENT PLANS;  INVESTMENTS;  IPCC;  LAND;  LAND USE;  LAND-USE CHANGE;  LEAD;  LENDING PORTFOLIO;  LESS;  LLC;  LOAN;  LOAN DEMAND;  LOANS;  LOW-CARBON;  MARKET DEVELOPMENT;  MARKET FAILURES;  MARKET PRICES;  MATURITY;  MODELS;  MONTREAL PROTOCOL;  NO;  OFFSETS;  OIL;  OPEN MARKET;  OPTIONS;  PARTIAL RISK;  PAYMENT;  PAYMENTS;  PHOTOVOLTAICS;  POLICIES;  POLICY;  POLICY ENVIRONMENT;  PORTFOLIO;  POVERTY;  POWER PLANTS;  POWER SUPPLY;  PRESENT VALUE;  PRICES;  PRIVATE INVESTMENT;  PRIVATE SECTOR FINANCING;  PROFITABILITY;  PUBLIC GOOD;  R&D FUNDING;  RATES OF RETURN;  REDUCING EMISSIONS;  REGULATORY FRAMEWORK;  RENEWABLE ENERGY;  RESOURCE ALLOCATION;  RESOURCES;  RESPONSE TO CLIMATE CHANGE;  RETURN ON INVESTMENTS;  REVENUE;  REVENUES;  RISK MITIGATION;  RISK PROFILE;  SCENARIOS;  SOLAR POWER;  SOURCES OF FINANCE;  SPECIAL FINANCING;  START-UP;  STREAMS;  SUBSIDIES;  SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT;  SUSTAINABLE FOREST;  SUSTAINABLE FOREST MANAGEMENT;  TARIFF;  TARIFFS;  TAX CREDITS;  TAX RELIEF;  TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE;  TEMPERATURE;  TRADE;  TRANSACTION COSTS;  TRANSACTIONS;  TRANSACTIONS COSTS;  TRUST FUND;  UNCERTAINTIES;  UNEP;  URBAN AREAS;  WASTE MANAGEMENT;  WIND;  WIND ENERGY;  WIND POWER;  Report;  Rapport;  Informe; 

年份：

2010

出版地：

Washington,USA

语种：

English

摘要：

The world development report 2010 estimates that an additional $200 billion per year of climate-related financing is needed in developing countries between now and 2030 to keep global average temperature rise within 2 degrees Celsius. Developing countries face increased financing challenges over coming decades as they seek to pursue economic development along a lower emission trajectory. The goal of this paper is twofold: i) to provide greater information and clarity on these three mitigation-related climate financing instruments available for the World Bank Group (WBG) and their application in the context of specific projects and national policy frameworks; and ii) to draw lessons for the broader development community on how resources from different climate financing instruments can be combined for expanded impact, increased leverage, and enhanced efficiency. This paper represents an initial contribution to this field and will be followed by papers focusing on guarantees for low-carbon growth support for the private sector and the challenges of financing climate resilience and adaptation.