Baltic States and Poland Trade Logistics Review : Enhancing Trade Competitiveness by Improving Transport and Logistics

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作者：

World Bank

来源地址：

http://hdl.handle.net/10986/22292

关键词：

ACCESSIBILITY;  ADVERSE IMPACTS;  AIM;  AIR;  AIR POLLUTION;  AIRPORT;  AUDITS;  AUTOMOBILE;  AUTOMOBILES;  BENCHMARK;  BENCHMARKING;  BORDER CROSSING;  BORDER CROSSINGS;  BOTTLENECKS;  BULK CARGO;  CAPITAL INVESTMENT;  CARBON;  CARBON TRANSPORT;  CARGO;  CARGO COMPOSITION;  CARGO HANDLING;  CARGO VOLUMES;  CARGOES;  CARGOS;  CARS;  CITY TRAIN;  COAL;  COMMODITIES;  COMMODITY;  COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE;  COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGES;  CONGESTION;  CONTAINER HANDLING;  CONTAINER SHIPPING;  CONTAINER TRAFFIC;  CONTAINERS;  CROSSINGS;  CUSTOMS;  CUSTOMS PROCEDURES;  DEBT;  DECISION MAKING;  DEFLATION;  DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY;  DIESEL;  DOMESTIC TRAFFIC;  DOMESTIC TRANSPORT;  DRIVERS;  ECONOMIC ACTIVITY;  ECONOMIC CONDITIONS;  ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT;  ECONOMIC EXPANSION;  ECONOMIC GROWTH;  ECONOMIC INCENTIVES;  ECONOMIC OUTLOOK;  ECONOMIC SITUATION;  ENVIRONMENTAL;  EXPENDITURES;  EXPORTS;  EXTERNALITIES;  FINANCIAL CRISIS;  FOOD PRODUCTION;  FREIGHT;  FREIGHT CONTAINERS;  FREIGHT FLOWS;  FREIGHT TRAFFIC;  FREIGHT TRANSPORT;  FUELS;  GDP;  GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT;  GROWTH POTENTIAL;  GROWTH RATE;  INEFFICIENCY;  INFRASTRUCTURE CAPACITY;  INFRASTRUCTURE COST;  INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS;  INFRASTRUCTURE REHABILITATION;  INLAND WATERWAY;  INLAND WATERWAYS;  INTERMODAL TRANSPORT;  INTERNATIONAL RAIL;  INTERNATIONAL TRADE;  INTERNATIONAL TRANSIT;  INTERNATIONAL TRANSPORT;  LABOR COSTS;  LAND TRANSPORT;  LAND USE;  LINER SHIPPING;  LIQUIDITY;  LOGISTICS COSTS;  MACROECONOMIC POLICIES;  MACROECONOMIC STABILIZATION;  MANAGERIAL EFFICIENCY;  MARINE NAVIGATION;  MARITIME TRANSPORT;  METALS;  MODAL SPLIT;  MODES OF TRANSPORT;  NATIONAL TRAFFIC;  NATURAL RESOURCES;  NET EXPORTS;  NOISE;  OIL;  ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE;  PASSENGER SERVICES;  PETROLEUM PRODUCTS;  PORT AUTHORITIES;  PORT AUTHORITY;  PRODUCERS;  PRODUCTION COSTS;  PRODUCTIVITY INCREASES;  PUBLIC TRANSPORT;  RAIL;  RAIL ACCESS;  RAIL CONNECTION;  RAIL INFRASTRUCTURE;  RAIL LINE;  RAIL NETWORK;  RAIL ROUTES;  RAIL SERVICES;  RAIL SYSTEM;  RAIL TRAFFIC;  RAIL TRANSIT;  RAIL TRANSPORT;  RAIL USERS;  RAILROAD;  RAILWAY;  RAILWAY LINES;  RAILWAY NETWORK;  RAILWAY NETWORKS;  RAILWAY PACKAGE;  RAILWAY SECTOR;  RAILWAY SYSTEM;  RAILWAYS;  RECESSION;  ROAD;  ROAD MAINTENANCE;  ROAD MANAGEMENT;  ROAD NETWORK;  ROAD PRICING;  ROAD SECTOR;  ROAD TRAFFIC;  ROAD TRANSPORT;  ROAD USERS;  ROADS;  ROLLING STOCK;  ROUTE;  SAFETY;  SEAPORTS;  SHIPMENTS;  SHIPPERS;  SHORT-SEA SHIPPING;  SPEEDS;  SUBWAY;  SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT;  TELECOMMUNICATIONS;  TIMBER;  TONNAGE;  TRACK CONDITIONS;  TRACKINGAMP;  TRACING;  TRADE BALANCE;  TRADE BARRIERS;  TRADE COMPETITIVENESS;  TRADE FACILITATION;  TRADE LOGISTICS;  TRADE POLICIES;  TRADE POLICY;  TRAFFIC;  TRAFFIC FLOW;  TRAFFIC VOLUME;  TRAINS;  TRAMWAY;  TRANSACTION COSTS;  TRANSIT;  TRANSIT COUNTRIES;  TRANSIT DEMAND;  TRANSIT ROUTES;  TRANSIT SERVICE;  TRANSIT TRADE;  TRANSPARENCY;  TRANSPORT;  TRANSPORT ACTIVITY;  TRANSPORT CORRIDORS;  TRANSPORT COSTS;  TRANSPORT EFFICIENCY;  TRANSPORT FACILITIES;  TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE;  TRANSPORT MODE;  TRANSPORT MODES;  TRANSPORT NETWORK;  TRANSPORT OF GOODS;  TRANSPORT OPERATIONS;  TRANSPORT POLICIES;  TRANSPORT POLICY;  TRANSPORT SECTOR;  TRANSPORT SERVICE;  TRANSPORT SERVICE QUALITY;  TRANSPORT SERVICES;  TRANSPORT STRATEGY;  TRANSPORT ­;  ACTIVITY;  TRANSPORTATION;  TRANSPORTATION COSTS;  TRANSPORTS;  TRANSSHIPMENT;  TRAVEL TIMES;  TRUCK DRIVERS;  TRUCK VOLUMES;  TRUCKS;  TRUE;  TYPE OF TRANSPORT;  UNFAIR COMPETITION;  VEHICLE;  VEHICLE DRIVERS;  VEHICLE MANUFACTURING;  VEHICLES;  VESSELS;  WAGES;  WAREHOUSING;  WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION;  WTO;  Report;  Rapport;  Informe; 

年份：

2010

出版地：

Washington,USA

语种：

English

摘要：

The Baltic States; Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania and Poland are situated along strategic trade corridors within Europe, constituting the EUs eastern border with Russia and other CIS countries. EU membership has triggered rapid economic growth for the Baltic States and Poland due to the removal of trade barriers and reduced transaction costs. A heavy influx of EU grants has targeted development and improvement of transport infrastructure, and this support will continue until 2015. The EU grants are largely used for development of international corridors, which play a key role in strengthening the competitiveness of these new member states. Since their accession to the EU in 2004, these countries enjoyed remarkable growth. While the countries underwent varying degrees of contractions in 2009, signs of recovery are showing albeit with considerable uncertainty in the future. Growth in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania in recent years has been unsustainable and was driven by a disproportionate increase in the non-tradable sector (construction, financial intermediation, real estate). This has had negative implications for competitiveness. The global economic crisis in 2009 has ended Poland?s fast economic expansion over the recent years, but in contrast to its neighbors Poland has avoided a decline in economic activity. Over the medium term, growth in Poland is expected to accelerate steadily in line with an improving external environment. The Baltic States and Poland are relatively competitive in trade logistics and have initiated reforms to facilitate trade, compared to their eastern neighbors, particularly Russia. Despite the plunge in 2008, freight transport and logistics development in the region has potential to continue to grow in the medium-term as some signs of recovery have begun to appear. The current economic situation has triggered a significant overcapacity of transport and warehousing which is characterized by very low prices for these services. While Poland remains relatively stable, Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania are exhibiting higher vulnerability to external shocks. The most critical bottlenecks of transport logistics in the Baltic States and Poland are found in the deteriorating condition of their transport infrastructure, particularly that of road networks, lessdeveloped intermodal connections, and inefficiency of custom processing at border crossing points. Deteriorating road condition in these countries is largely due to inadequate maintenance and a comprehensive asset management system, albeit improving. Intermodal connections that are often inefficient are partly attributed to institutional arrangement that lacks inter-agency collaboration at the level of policy development and public investment. Custom procedures are particularly cumbersome and inefficient at the borders to non-EU member states. Nevertheless, the Baltic States and Poland have relative strengths in efficiency of domestic transport/logistics, cost-efficiency of trucking industry, and price-competitive port operation. The report various recommendations for strategic policy priorities for the Baltic States and Poland to leverage their own strengths to respond to various opportunities and challenges.