The Dynamics of Vertical Coordination in Agrifood Chains in Eastern Europe and Central Asia : Implications for Policy and World Bank Operations

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作者：

World Bank

来源地址：

http://hdl.handle.net/10986/27388

关键词：

ACCESS TO CAPITAL;  ACCESS TO CREDIT;  ACCESS TO FINANCE;  ACCESS TO LOANS;  ACCESS TO MARKETS;  ACCESS TO TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE;  ADVISORY SERVICES;  AGRICULTURAL CREDIT;  AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION;  AGRICULTURAL SECTOR;  AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION;  ALTERNATIVE FINANCING;  BANK LOAN;  BANK LOANS;  BANKRUPTCIES;  BANKRUPTCY;  BANKRUPTCY LAWS;  BARGAINING;  BARGAINING POWER;  BARRIERS TO GROWTH;  BENEFICIAL EFFECTS;  BUSINESS PLANS;  CASH ACCOUNTS;  CASH FLOW;  CASH RESERVES;  COLLATERAL;  COLLATERAL PROBLEMS;  COMMERCIAL CREDITS;  COMMODITY;  CONTRACT ENFORCEMENT;  CONTRACT LAW;  CONTRACTUAL RELATIONSHIPS;  COOPERATIVES;  COTTON;  COTTON PRICE;  COTTON PRICES;  COTTON PRODUCTION;  COTTON SECTOR;  COUNTRY CREDIT;  CREDIT CONSTRAINTS;  CREDIT CONTRACT;  CREDIT PROGRAMS;  CREDIT TRANSACTION;  CROP;  DEBT;  DEBTS;  DEFAULT RISK;  DEFAULTS;  DEPRESSED PRICES;  DEVELOPING COUNTRIES;  DEVELOPING COUNTRY;  DEVELOPMENT BANK;  DIRECT LOANS;  DOMESTIC BANKS;  ECONOMIC COOPERATION;  ECONOMIC REFORMS;  ECONOMICS;  EFFICIENCY BENEFITS;  EMERGING ECONOMIES;  ENFORCEMENT MECHANISM;  ENFORCEMENT OF CONTRACTS;  ENFORCEMENT SYSTEMS;  ENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT;  EQUIPMENT;  EQUITY ISSUES;  EXCHANGE RATE;  EXCHANGE RATE INSTABILITY;  EXCLUSION;  EXPLOITATION;  EXPORT MARKETS;  FACTOR MARKETS;  FAIR;  FAO;  FARM PRODUCTIVITY;  FARMER;  FERTILIZER;  FINANCIAL CRISIS;  FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS;  FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS;  FINANCIAL MEANS;  FOOD INDUSTRY;  FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT;  FOREIGN INVESTMENT;  FOREIGN INVESTMENTS;  FOREIGN INVESTORS;  FRUITS;  FUTURE CASH FLOWS;  GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM;  GLOBALIZATION;  GOVERNMENT FINANCING;  GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION;  GOVERNMENT INTERVENTIONS;  GOVERNMENT INVOLVEMENT;  GOVERNMENT OWNERSHIP;  GOVERNMENT POLICIES;  GOVERNMENT POLICY;  GOVERNMENT REVENUE;  GRAIN;  GRAINS;  GUARANTEE PRODUCT;  GUARANTEED ACCESS;  HOLDING;  HOLDINGS;  HOUSEHOLDS;  INFLATION;  INFORMATION SYSTEMS;  INNOVATION;  INNOVATIONS;  INPUT PRICES;  INSECURE PROPERTY;  INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENTS;  INSTRUMENT;  INTERNATIONAL BANK;  INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT;  INTERNATIONAL FINANCE;  INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL MARKETS;  INTERNATIONAL MARKET;  INTERNATIONAL MARKETS;  INVESTING;  INVESTMENT ASSISTANCE;  INVESTMENT CLIMATE;  INVESTMENT LOAN;  INVESTMENT LOANS;  LACK OF COMPETITION;  LANDOWNERS;  LEGAL CONSTRAINTS;  LEVEL OF INTEREST RATES;  LIQUIDITY;  LOAN GUARANTEE;  LOAN GUARANTEE PROGRAMS;  LOAN GUARANTEES;  LOANS FROM BANKS;  LOCAL BANK;  LOCAL GOVERNMENTS;  MACROECONOMIC STABILITY;  MARKET ACCESS;  MARKET CONDITIONS;  MARKET DEVELOPMENT;  MARKET ECONOMIES;  MARKET ECONOMY;  MARKET ENVIRONMENT;  MARKET INFORMATION;  MARKET LIBERALIZATION;  MARKET PRICE;  MARKET PRICES;  MARKET REFORM;  MARKETING;  MONOPOLIES;  MONOPOLY;  MOTIVATION;  MULTINATIONAL;  MULTINATIONALS;  NECESSARY COLLATERAL;  NONPAYMENTS;  OBSTACLES TO GROWTH;  OVEREMPLOYMENT;  POLICY CREDIBILITY;  POLICY ENVIRONMENT;  PREPAYMENT;  PRICE CONTROLS;  PRICE UNCERTAINTY;  PRIVATIZATION;  PRODUCE;  PRODUCT QUALITY;  PRODUCTION ACTIVITIES;  PRODUCTION CAPACITY;  PRODUCTION PROCESS;  PRODUCTIVITY;  PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH;  PROFITABILITY;  PROPERTY RIGHTS;  PROVISION OF CREDIT;  PUBLIC ENFORCEMENT;  PUBLIC INVESTMENT;  PUBLIC INVESTMENTS;  PUBLIC POLICY;  PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS;  PURCHASING;  RENTS;  REPAYMENT;  RETAIL;  RETURN;  RURAL CREDIT;  RURAL CREDIT MARKETS;  SAFETY;  SAFETY STANDARDS;  SALES;  SEED;  SEED COTTON;  SEEDS;  SMALL FARM;  SMALL FARMERS;  SMALL FARMS;  SMALL PRODUCERS;  SMALLHOLDERS;  SOURCE OF CREDIT;  SPOT MARKET;  SPOT MARKETS;  SPREAD;  STATE BANKS;  STRUCTURAL PROBLEMS;  SUGAR;  SUPPLIER;  SUPPLIERS;  SUPPLY CHAIN;  SUPPLY CHAINS;  SUPPLY CONTRACTS;  TAX;  TAX INCENTIVES;  TAX REGIME;  TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE;  TRADE CREDIT;  TRADE PROTECTION;  TRADING;  TRANSACTION COST;  TRANSACTION COSTS;  TRANSITION COUNTRIES;  TRANSITION COUNTRY;  TRANSITION ECONOMIES;  TRANSPARENCY;  UNION;  VEGETABLES;  VILLAGE;  WAREHOUSE;  WAREHOUSE RECEIPT;  WAREHOUSE RECEIPT SYSTEMS;  WHOLESALERS;  WORKING CAPITAL;  YIELDS;  Report;  Rapport;  Informe; 

年份：

2011

出版地：

Washington,USA

语种：

English

摘要：

A major problem in the transition countries of Europe and Central Asia (ECA) during the transition was the breakdown of the relationships of farms with input suppliers and output markets. The simultaneous privatization and restructuring of the farms and of the up- and downstream companies in the agrifood chain has caused major disruptions. The result is that many farms and rural households face serious constraints in accessing essential inputs (feed, fertilizer, seeds, capital, etc.) and in selling their products. The problems are worsened by the lack of public institutions necessary to support market-based transactions, such as for enforcing property rights and contractual agreements. The objective of the study is to analyze Vertical Coordination (VC) in agrifood supply chains in ECA and to identify options for improved policies, institutions, and investments which Governments could make, and which the World Bank could support, in order to improve links in the agricultural marketing and processing chain and increase access of farmers to input and output markets. This is especially important in those countries where contractual arrangements are slow to develop. It is also important if farmers are to be lifted out of subsistence farming and into a modern agrifood economy.