Costing Adaptations through Local Institutions : Village Survey Results - Yemen

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作者：

World Bank

来源地址：

http://hdl.handle.net/10986/27805

关键词：

ADAPTATION ACTIVITIES;  ADAPTATION COST;  ADAPTATION COSTS;  ADAPTATION EFFORTS;  ADAPTATION INITIATIVES;  ADAPTATION INTERVENTIONS;  ADAPTATION MEASURES;  ADAPTATION OPTION;  ADAPTATION PRACTICES;  ADAPTATION PROCESSES;  ADAPTATION PROJECT;  ADAPTATION RESPONSES;  ADAPTATION STRATEGY;  ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE;  ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE VARIABILITY;  ADAPTATION TO SEA LEVEL RISE;  ADAPTING;  ADAPTIVE CAPACITY;  ADVERSE CLIMATE;  AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT;  AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION;  ALTITUDE;  ASSET OWNERSHIP;  AVAILABILITY OF WATER;  AVAILABLE WATER;  AVERAGE ANNUAL RAINFALL;  AVERAGE RAINFALL;  AWARENESS OF CLIMATE CHANGE;  BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY;  CASH CROP;  CASH CROPS;  CITIZENS;  CL;  CLIMATE;  CLIMATE ADAPTATION;  CLIMATE CHANGE;  CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION;  CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION STRATEGIES;  CLIMATE CHANGE INFORMATION;  CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION;  CLIMATE CHANGE RESILIENCE;  CLIMATE CHANGE SCENARIOS;  CLIMATE CHANGES;  CLIMATE EFFECTS;  CLIMATE EXPOSURE;  CLIMATE HAZARDS;  CLIMATE IMPACTS;  CLIMATE MODELING;  CLIMATE MODELS;  CLIMATE REGIME;  CLIMATE RESILIENCE;  CLIMATE RISK;  CLIMATE VARIABILITY;  CLIMATE-RELATED HAZARDS;  CLIMATIC CHANGES;  CLIMATIC REGIMES;  CLIMATIC VARIABILITY;  CLOUD COVER;  COASTAL AREAS;  COASTAL ZONES;  COLORS;  COMMUNITY MEMBERS;  COPE WITH CLIMATE CHANGE;  COPE WITH CLIMATE VARIABILITY;  COPING CAPACITY;  COSTS OF ADAPTATION;  COSTS OF ADAPTATION OPTIONS;  COSTS OF ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE;  CULTIVATED LAND;  DECISION MAKERS;  DEMAND FOR WATER;  DEPENDENCY RATIO;  DESERTIFICATION;  DISASTERS;  DISEASES;  DISSEMINATION;  DOMESTIC WATER;  DOMESTIC WATER SUPPLY;  DROUGHT;  DROUGHT FREQUENCY;  DRY CLIMATE;  EFFECT OF CLIMATE VARIABILITY;  EFFECTIVE ADAPTATION;  ELECTRICITY;  ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION;  EXCESSIVE RAINFALL;  EXPOSURE TO CLIMATE CHANGE;  EXPOSURE TO CLIMATE VARIABILITY;  EXTREME TEMPERATURES;  EXTREME WEATHER;  EXTREME WEATHER EVENTS;  FAMILY MEMBERS;  FERTILISER;  FERTILITY;  FINANCIAL CAPACITY;  FINANCIAL CONSTRAINTS;  FLOOD;  FLOOD RISK;  FLOODING;  FLOODS;  FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSIONS;  FOOD SECURITY;  FORESTS;  FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE;  FUTURE ADAPTATION;  FUTURE CLIMATE CHANGE;  GENDER DIFFERENCES;  GLOBAL CLIMATE;  GOVERNMENT AGENCIES;  GROUNDWATER;  GROUNDWATER RESOURCES;  HEAT;  HIGH TEMPERATURES;  HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS;  IMPACT OF CLIMATE;  IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE;  IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE;  IMPLEMENT ADAPTATION;  IMPLEMENTATION OF ADAPTATION;  IMPLEMENTATION OF ADAPTATION OPTIONS;  IMPLEMENTATION OF ADAPTATION STRATEGIES;  IPCC;  KINSHIP;  LAND DEGRADATION;  LAND USE;  LARGE FAMILIES;  LEGAL STATUS;  LEVEL OF EDUCATION;  LIVESTOCK ACTIVITIES;  LOCAL ADAPTATION;  LOCAL AUTHORITIES;  LOCAL COMMUNITIES;  LOCAL PREDICTIVE CAPACITY;  LOCAL WATER MANAGEMENT;  LOW RAINFALL;  MIGRATION;  NATIONAL AUTHORITIES;  NATIONAL GOVERNMENT;  NATURAL DISASTERS;  NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS;  PESTICIDES;  POLICY FRAMEWORK;  POLICY IMPLICATIONS;  POPULATION DENSITY;  POTENTIAL EVAPORATION;  PRECIPITATION;  PRICE OF WATER;  PROGRESS;  RAIN;  RAINFALL;  RAINFALL FLUCTUATIONS;  RAINFALL PATTERNS;  RAINFALL REGIME;  RAINFALL VARIABILITY;  RAINWATER;  RAINWATER HARVESTING;  RAINY SEASON;  RELIGIOUS INSTITUTIONS;  RIVER BASINS;  RIVERS;  RURAL AREAS;  SCARCE WATER;  SCARCE WATER RESOURCES;  SEA LEVEL;  SEA LEVEL RISE;  SEAWATER;  SERIES OF MEETINGS;  SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT;  SOIL EROSION;  STORM SURGES;  STORMS;  SUBTROPICAL CLIMATE;  SUPPLY OF WATER;  SURFACE WATER;  TEMPERATURE;  TEMPERATURE CHANGES;  TEMPERATURE FLUCTUATIONS;  TEMPERATURE VARIABILITY;  TEMPERATURES;  TEMPORARY MIGRATION;  UNEP;  URBAN AREAS;  USE OF WATER;  VULNERABILITY;  VULNERABILITY TO CLIMATE VARIABILITY;  WARMER CLIMATE;  WASTE WATER;  WASTEWATER TREATMENT;  WATER ABSTRACTION;  WATER AVAILABILITY;  WATER CONSERVATION;  WATER DISTRIBUTION;  WATER MANAGEMENT;  WATER QUALITY;  WATER RESOURCE;  WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT;  WATER RESOURCES;  WATER SCARCITY;  WATER SUPPLY;  WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS;  WEATHER PATTERNS;  WIND;  Report;  Rapport;  Informe; 

年份：

2011

出版地：

Washington,USA

语种：

English

摘要：

The objectives of the Costing Adaptation through Local Institutions (CALI) study were (a) to identify the costs of adaptation through local institutions, and (b) to investigate which institutions help households adapt to climate variability, which efforts and costs are needed to realize the adaptation options, and how they facilitate adaptation to climate variability. The study was carried out in Ethiopia, Mali, and Yemen. This report discusses the results for Yemen. In Yemen, village surveys were conducted in six villages and two expert workshops were organized to discuss the main framework of the study and to evaluate the draft results. The study assessed household vulnerability, analyzed the strategies households adopt to reduce the impacts of climate hazards, and evaluated the assistance households receive from different institutions. The analysis was based on household surveys, focus group discussions, and institutional stakeholder interviews. Vulnerability profiles, developed on the basis of field survey results, show that household vulnerability differs substantially between and within villages. The results show that the vulnerability and agro ecological potential in Yemen are related to rainfall, which is related to altitude. This study is a reflection of the insights that (a) poor, rural households are facing most of the climate variability- related hazards; (b) adaptation also has socioeconomic aspects; (c) understanding local adaptation processes is important for informing macro-policies; and (d) for prioritizing future adaptation, it is crucial to analyze historical adaptation strategies. The study involves an assessment of the adaptation options rural household pursue. The study also considers the differential access of various vulnerability groups, as well as the drivers for adopting particular strategies or constraints for not adopting other strategies. For this, households and institutional stakeholders were interviewed in six villages in Yemen, focus group discussions were organized, and experts were consulted.