Zimbabwe's Infrastructure : A Continental Perspective

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作者：

Pushak, Nataliya

来源地址：

http://hdl.handle.net/10986/27258

关键词：

ABUSE OF MONOPOLY POWER;  ACCESS TO ELECTRICITY;  ACCESS TO WATER;  ACCESSIBILITY;  ACCIDENTS;  ADEQUATE FINANCING;  ADMINISTRATIVE COSTS;  AIR;  AIR TRANSPORT;  AIR TRANSPORT SECTOR;  AIRCRAFT;  AIRPORTS;  ALLOCATING WATER RIGHTS;  ALTERNATIVE ROUTE;  ARTERIES;  ARTERY;  AVAILABILITY;  AVERAGE TARIFF;  BALANCE;  BANDWIDTH;  BILL COLLECTION;  BORDER CROSSING;  BORDER CROSSINGS;  BORDER TRADE;  BORDER TRANSMISSION;  CABLE;  CANALS;  CAPACITY EXPANSION;  CAPITAL EXPENDITURE;  CAPITAL EXPENDITURES;  CAPITAL INVESTMENT;  CAPITAL INVESTMENTS;  CAR;  CARRIERS;  CEMENT;  COAL;  COAL PRICE;  COAL SUPPLY;  COMPETITIVE MARKETS;  CONCESSION;  CONCESSION CONTRACT;  COST OF POWER;  COST PER KILOWATT;  COST RECOVERY;  COVERING;  CUBIC METER;  CUBIC METERS;  DAMS;  DEMAND FOR POWER;  DERAILMENTS;  DIESEL;  DISCOUNT RATE;  DISPOSAL SYSTEMS;  DISTRIBUTION GRID;  DISTRIBUTION LOSSES;  DISTRIBUTION NETWORK;  DOMESTIC COAL;  DOMESTIC ENERGY;  DRAINAGE;  DRIVING;  ECONOMIC GROWTH;  ECONOMIC LOSS;  ECONOMIC SUSTAINABILITY;  ELECTRICITY;  ELECTRICITY SUPPLY;  ENERGY OUTLOOK;  ENERGY RESOURCES;  ENERGY SOURCES;  FINANCIAL CAPACITY;  FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE;  FLUSH TOILETS;  FOREIGN INVESTMENT;  FREIGHT;  FUEL;  GASOLINE;  GENERATING CAPACITY;  GENERATION;  GENERATION CAPACITY;  GOVERNMENT BUDGET;  GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT;  GROUNDWATER;  GROUNDWATER RECHARGE;  GROWTH RATES;  HIGH TRAFFIC DENSITY;  HOLDING COMPANY;  HOUSEHOLDS;  HYDROPOWER;  HYDROPOWER GENERATION;  INFRASTRUCTURE ASSETS;  INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT;  INFRASTRUCTURE SERVICES;  INFRASTRUCTURE SPENDING;  INFRASTRUCTURES;  INTERNATIONAL AIR TRANSPORT;  INTERNATIONAL AIR TRANSPORT ASSOCIATION;  INTERNATIONAL AVIATION;  INTERNATIONAL ENERGY;  INTERNATIONAL MARKETS;  INTERNATIONAL TRAVEL;  INVESTMENT CLIMATE;  INVESTMENT COST;  INVESTMENT COSTS;  INVESTMENT DECISIONS;  INVESTMENT TARGETS;  IRRIGATION;  IRRIGATION SYSTEMS;  KILOWATT-HOUR;  LEAKAGE;  LEVEL OF COMPETITION;  LOCOMOTIVE;  MAINTENANCE COSTS;  MARKET ACCESS;  MARKET CONCENTRATION;  MINERAL RESOURCES;  MINERALS;  NATURAL RESOURCES;  O&M;  OIL;  OIL IMPORTS;  OPERATIONAL EFFICIENCY;  OPERATIONAL PERFORMANCE;  PIPED WATER;  POPULATION GROWTH;  POTABLE WATER;  POWER;  POWER CAPACITY;  POWER COSTS;  POWER DEMAND;  POWER NETWORK;  POWER PRICES;  POWER SECTOR;  POWER SECTORS;  POWER STATION;  POWER SYSTEM;  POWER THEFT;  POWER TRADE;  PRESSURE;  PRIVATE FINANCING;  PROVISION OF WATER;  PUBLIC FUNDING;  PUBLIC INVESTMENT;  QUALITY OF SERVICE;  RAIL;  RAIL FREIGHT;  RAIL NETWORK;  RAIL OPERATOR;  RAIL TRAFFIC;  RAIL TRANSPORTATION;  RAILROAD;  RAILWAY;  RAILWAY NETWORK;  RAILWAYS;  RAINFALL;  REGIONAL TRANSIT;  REGIONAL TRANSPORT;  RESIDENTIAL DEMAND;  RESPONSIBILITY FOR WATER;  RESPONSIBILITY FOR WATER SUPPLY;  REVENUE COLLECTION;  ROAD;  ROAD CONDITIONS;  ROAD CONNECTIONS;  ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE;  ROAD MAINTENANCE;  ROAD NETWORK;  ROAD NETWORKS;  ROAD SECTOR;  ROAD TRAFFIC;  ROADS;  ROUTE;  RUNOFF;  RURAL COMMUNITIES;  RURAL ELECTRIFICATION;  RURAL ROADS;  SANITATION;  SANITATION FACILITIES;  SANITATION SECTOR;  SANITATION SOLUTIONS;  SANITATION UTILITIES;  SERVICE PROVIDERS;  SERVICE QUALITY;  SEWERAGE SYSTEM;  SUGARCANE;  SURFACE WATER;  TARIFF CHANGES;  TARIFF REGULATION;  TAX;  TELECOMMUNICATIONS SERVICES;  THERMAL PLANTS;  THERMAL POWER;  THERMAL POWER GENERATION;  TOLL;  TOWNS;  TRAFFIC;  TRAFFIC FLOWS;  TRANSIT;  TRANSMISSION CAPACITY;  TRANSPORT;  TRANSPORT CAPACITY;  TRANSPORT CORRIDORS;  TRANSPORT INDICATORS;  TRANSPORT MARKET;  TRANSPORT MODES;  TRANSPORT POLICY;  TRANSPORT QUALITY;  TRANSPORT SAFETY;  TRANSPORTATION;  TRANSPORTATION SERVICES;  TRUE;  URBAN AREAS;  URBAN DWELLERS;  URBAN ROAD;  URBAN ROADS;  URBAN WATER;  URBAN WATER UTILITIES;  UTILITIES;  UTILITY SERVICES;  VERTICAL INTEGRATION;  WASTEWATER SERVICES;  WATER AUTHORITY;  WATER CONSUMPTION;  WATER PRODUCTION;  WATER QUALITY;  WATER RESOURCE;  WATER RESOURCES;  WATER SERVICE;  WATER SOURCE;  WATER SOURCES;  WATER STORAGE;  WATER SUPPLY;  WATER TARIFFS;  WATER USE;  WATER UTILITIES;  WATERSHED;  WELLS;  Report;  Rapport;  Informe; 

年份：

2011

出版地：

Washington,USA

语种：

English

摘要：

Despite general economic decline and power supply deficiencies, infrastructure made a modest net contribution of less than half a percentage point to Zimbabwe's improved per capita growth performance in recent years. Raising the country's infrastructure endowment to that of the region's middle-income countries could boost annual growth by about 2.4 percentage points. Zimbabwe made significant progress in infrastructure in its early period as an independent state. The country managed to put in place a national electricity network and establish regional interconnection in the power sector; to build an extensive network of roads for countrywide accessibility and integration into the regional transport corridors; to lay the water and sewerage system; and to make progress on building dams and tapping the significant irrigation potential. Unfortunately, at present the cross-cutting issue across all these sectors is Zimbabwe's inability to maintain and rehabilitate the existing infrastructure since the country became immersed in economic and political turmoil in the late 1990s. Neglect of all sectors due to the crisis has resulted in a generalized lack of new investment (in the power and water sectors in particular), and the accumulation of a huge rehabilitation agenda. Quality of service has declined across the board. The power system has become unjustifiably costly, inefficient, and unreliable. The condition of roads has deteriorated to the point that Zimbabwe became a bottleneck on the North-South transport corridor. Rural connectivity hardly exists. Failure to treat potable water, along with the deterioration of the water, sanitation, and garbage disposal systems, was responsible for the spread of cholera in 2008. By 2010 cholera affected most areas of the country and posed a health threat to neighboring countries. Looking ahead, Zimbabwe faces a number of important infrastructure challenges. Zimbabwe's most pressing challenges lie in the power and water sectors. Inefficient and unreliable power supply poses major risks to the economy, while the maintenance and upgrading of existing power infrastructure no longer looks to be affordable. At the same time, overhauling the water and sewerage system is imperative for curbing the public health crisis.