Managing Risk, Promoting Growth : Developing Systems for Social Protection in Africa--The World Bank's Africa Social Protection Strategy 2012-2022

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作者：

World Bank

来源地址：

http://hdl.handle.net/10986/23744

关键词：

ACCESS TO EMPLOYMENT;  ACCESS TO SERVICES;  AGGREGATE DEMAND;  BASIC INFRASTRUCTURE;  BENEFICIARIES;  BENEFICIARY;  BENEFIT LEVELS;  CAPACITY BUILDING;  CASH TRANSFER;  CASH TRANSFER PROGRAMS;  CASH TRANSFERS;  CHILD MORTALITY;  CHILD SUPPORT;  CHRONIC POVERTY;  CITIZENS;  CLIMATE CHANGE;  COMMUNITY HEALTH;  COMMUNITY INFRASTRUCTURE;  CONDITIONAL CASH;  CONFLICT;  CONTRIBUTORY PENSION;  CONTRIBUTORY PENSIONS;  COPING STRATEGIES;  COVARIATE SHOCKS;  DEMOGRAPHIC TRENDS;  DROUGHT;  ECONOMIC CRISES;  ECONOMIC CRISIS;  ECONOMIC DOWNTURNS;  ECONOMIC GROWTH;  ELDERLY;  EMERGENCY FOOD;  EQUALITY OF OPPORTUNITY;  EXTREME POVERTY;  FAMILY SUPPORT;  FAMILY TRANSFERS;  FINANCIAL CRISIS;  FINANCIAL SUPPORT;  FISCAL CONSTRAINTS;  FOOD AID;  FOOD CONSUMPTION;  FOOD INSECURITY;  FOOD SECURITY;  FOOD SUBSIDIES;  FORMAL EMPLOYMENT;  FUTURE GENERATIONS;  GENDER PARITY;  GIFT GIVING;  GOOD GOVERNANCE;  HEALTH EDUCATION;  HEALTH EXPENDITURE;  HEALTH INSURANCE;  HEALTH ORGANIZATION;  HEALTH SERVICES;  HIV;  HOUSEHOLD INCOME;  HOUSEHOLD POVERTY;  HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS;  HOUSEHOLD WELL-BEING;  HUMAN CAPITAL;  HUMAN DEVELOPMENT;  HUMAN RIGHTS;  HUMANITARIAN RESPONSE;  ILL HEALTH;  INCOME;  INEQUALITY;  INEQUALITY REDUCTION;  INFORMAL CREDIT;  INFORMAL ECONOMIES;  INFORMAL SAFETY NETS;  INFORMAL SUPPORT;  INFORMAL WORKERS;  INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY;  INSURANCE;  INSURANCE MARKETS;  INSURANCE PRODUCTS;  INSURANCE SCHEMES;  INSURANCE SYSTEMS;  JOB CREATION;  LABOR FORCE;  LABOR MARKET;  LABOR MARKET PROGRAMS;  LEVEL OF DEVELOPMENT;  LIMITED CAPACITY;  LITERACY RATES;  LOCAL INFRASTRUCTURE;  LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES;  MALNUTRITION;  MANAGING RISK;  MATERNAL MORTALITY RATE;  MEANS TEST;  MEDICAL CARE;  MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS;  NATIONAL CAPACITY;  NATIONAL COVERAGE;  NATURAL DISASTERS;  NEGATIVE INCOME SHOCK;  NUMBER OF PEOPLE;  NUTRITIONAL STATUS;  OLD AGE;  OLD AGE PENSIONS;  ORPHANS;  PEACE;  PENSION;  PENSIONS;  PERSISTENT POVERTY;  PILLAR PENSION;  POLICY FRAMEWORK;  POLITICAL ECONOMY;  POLITICAL SUPPORT;  POOR;  POOR FAMILIES;  POPULATION GROUPS;  POPULATION PRESSURE;  POST-CONFLICT SETTINGS;  POVERTY ASSESSMENTS;  POVERTY LINE;  POVERTY REDUCTION;  POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGIES;  PRICE SUBSIDIES;  PRIMARY EDUCATION;  PRODUCTIVE ASSETS;  PROGRAM COVERAGE;  PROGRESS;  PROTECTION MECHANISMS;  PROTECTION POLICIES;  PROTECTION SYSTEM;  PROTECTION SYSTEMS;  PROVISION OF SUPPORT;  PUBLIC SERVICES;  PUBLIC SPENDING;  PUBLIC WORKS;  PUBLIC WORKS PROGRAMS;  REGIONAL ORGANIZATIONS;  RISK MANAGEMENT;  RISK POOLING;  RISK REDUCTION;  RISK-COPING;  RURAL INFRASTRUCTURE;  SAFETY NET;  SAFETY NET PROGRAMS;  SAFETY NETS;  SAVINGS;  SAVINGS SCHEMES;  SCHOOL ENROLLMENT;  SCHOOL ENROLLMENT RATES;  SERVICE DELIVERY;  SERVICE PROVIDERS;  SKILLS DEVELOPMENT;  SKILLS TRAINING;  SMOOTHING CONSUMPTION;  SOCIAL ACTION;  SOCIAL ACTION FUND;  SOCIAL ASSISTANCE;  SOCIAL CAPITAL;  SOCIAL CARE;  SOCIAL COHESION;  SOCIAL CONTRACT;  SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT;  SOCIAL FUND;  SOCIAL FUNDS;  SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE;  SOCIAL INSURANCE;  SOCIAL PENSION;  SOCIAL PENSIONS;  SOCIAL POLICY;  SOCIAL PROTECTION;  SOCIAL PROTECTION INSTRUMENT;  SOCIAL PROTECTION INSTRUMENTS;  SOCIAL PROTECTION INTERVENTIONS;  SOCIAL PROTECTION INVESTMENTS;  SOCIAL PROTECTION MECHANISMS;  SOCIAL PROTECTION POLICIES;  SOCIAL PROTECTION PROGRAMS;  SOCIAL PROTECTION STRATEGIES;  SOCIAL PROTECTION STRATEGY;  SOCIAL PROTECTION SYSTEMS;  SOCIAL PROTECTIONS;  SOCIAL RISK;  SOCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT;  SOCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES;  SOCIAL SECURITY;  SOCIAL SERVICES;  SOCIAL SERVICES DELIVERY;  SOCIAL TRANSFER;  SOCIAL TRANSFERS;  SOCIAL WELFARE;  STREET CHILDREN;  SUBSIDIZING;  SUPPORT GRANT;  SUPPORT NETWORKS;  TARGETING;  TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE;  TEMPORARY EMPLOYMENT;  TEMPORARY JOBS;  TRANSFER PROGRAM;  UNEMPLOYMENT;  VOCATIONAL TRAINING;  VOUCHERS;  VULNERABILITY;  VULNERABILITY PROFILE;  VULNERABLE CHILDREN;  VULNERABLE GROUPS;  VULNERABLE HOUSEHOLDS;  VULNERABLE POPULATIONS;  WAR;  WARNING SYSTEMS;  YOUNG PEOPLE;  YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT;  Report;  Rapport;  Informe; 

年份：

2012

出版地：

Washington,USA

语种：

English

摘要：

A growing body of evidence demonstrates that individuals and households experience a range of positive outcomes from social protection. Social protection increases productivity and growth. Countries can realize significant benefits by creating an integrated social protection system. Social protection is affordable in low-income countries despite tight budgets. While overall spending on social protection in Africa remains low by international standards, experience suggests that social protection programs can achieve national coverage at the cost of only 1 to 2 percent of gross domestic product (GDP). While this is only a portion of the financing required to operate a social protection system, it draws attention to what countries can achieve in the short-term. Indeed, one way in which existing social protection spending can be made significantly more efficient would be by reallocating existing financing for inefficient subsidies and ad hoc emergency food aid to predictable safety nets. At the same time, pursuing reforms to social security systems will ensure their fiscal sustainability, while expanding coverage. Notably, the costs of not protecting poor families are very high, are borne disproportionately by women and children, and undermine the productivity of future generations. The Strategy will be implemented by leveraging partnerships, knowledge, and the World Bank's financing instruments. The World Bank will continue to invest in analytical work to fill knowledge gaps and promote an evidence-based dialogue for social protection systems in Africa and further innovation. It will work with governments to build country-owned national social protection systems with the aim of reducing fragmentation in the sector. The Bank also will pay particular attention to institutional development and capacity building by using its lending to increase the coverage of successful social protection interventions. Throughout this work, the Bank will work in coordination with governments, development partners, the private sector, academics, civil society, and beneficiaries.