Reducing Vulnerability and Promoting the Self-Employment of Roma in Eastern Europe through Financial Inclusion

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作者：

World Bank

来源地址：

http://hdl.handle.net/10986/26852

关键词：

ACCESS TO BANK ACCOUNTS;  ACCESS TO CREDIT;  ACCESS TO FINANCE;  ACCESS TO FINANCIAL SERVICES;  ACCESS TO SAVINGS;  ACCESSIBILITY;  ACCOUNTING;  ADMINISTRATIVE COSTS;  ADMINISTRATIVE SUPPORT;  ADULT LEARNING;  ADVISORY SERVICES;  AFFORDABILITY;  AGRICULTURAL SECTOR;  ARREARS;  ATM;  ATMS;  BANK ACCOUNT;  BANK ACCOUNT ACCESS;  BANK ACCOUNTS;  BANK BRANCH;  BANK BRANCHES;  BANK DEPOSITS;  BANKING SECTOR;  BANKING SERVICES;  BANKS;  BASIC FINANCIAL LITERACY;  BASIC FINANCIAL SERVICES;  BASIC NEEDS;  BENEFICIARIES;  BIASES;  BORROWING;  BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT;  BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT SERVICES;  BUSINESS PLAN;  BUSINESS SUPPORT;  BUSINESS TRAINING;  CALCULATION;  CALCULATIONS;  CENTRAL BANKS;  COLLATERAL;  COMMERCIAL BANK;  COMMERCIAL BANKS;  COMMODITY;  CONTRIBUTION;  CONTRIBUTION PAYMENTS;  CONTRIBUTIONS;  COOPERATIVES;  CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY;  CREDIT ASSOCIATION;  CREDIT CARD;  CREDIT CARDS;  CREDIT GROUPS;  CREDIT MARKETS;  CREDIT PROVIDERS;  CREDIT-WORTHINESS;  CURRENT ACCOUNT;  CURRENT ACCOUNTS;  CURRENT PRICES;  DEBIT CARD;  DEBIT CARDS;  DEBT;  DEBT MANAGEMENT;  DEMOGRAPHIC;  DEPOSIT;  DEPOSITORY INSTITUTION;  DEPOSITORY INSTITUTIONS;  DEPOSITS;  DEVELOPMENT BANK;  DISCRIMINATION;  DISPOSABLE INCOME;  DOWN PAYMENT;  EARNINGS;  ECONOMIC GROWTH;  ECONOMIC SECURITY;  EDUCATION LEVEL;  EDUCATION LEVELS;  EIB;  EMPLOYEE;  EMPLOYER;  EMPLOYERS;  EMPLOYMENT EXPERIENCE;  EMPLOYMENT STATUS;  ENTERPRISE FINANCING;  ENTERPRISE PROMOTION;  ENTREPRENEURS;  ENTREPRENEURSHIP;  ENTRY POINT;  ENTRY POINTS;  ETHNIC GROUP;  EXCHANGE RATE;  EXCHANGE RATES;  EXTREME POVERTY;  FACILITATION;  FAMILIES;  FAMILY BENEFITS;  FAMILY BUSINESS;  FAMILY BUSINESSES;  FEMALE POPULATION;  FINANCES;  FINANCIAL ACCESS;  FINANCIAL ACCESS INDICATORS;  FINANCIAL EDUCATION;  FINANCIAL EXCLUSION;  FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS;  FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS;  FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIES;  FINANCIAL INTERMEDIATION;  FINANCIAL LITERACY;  FINANCIAL LITERACY TRAINING;  FINANCIAL MAINSTREAM;  FINANCIAL PLANNING;  FINANCIAL PRODUCTS;  FINANCIAL SECTOR;  FINANCIAL SERVICE;  FINANCIAL SERVICE PROVIDER;  FINANCIAL SERVICE PROVIDERS;  FINANCIAL TRAINING;  FIXED COST;  FIXED COSTS;  FORM OF SAVINGS;  FORMAL BANK;  FORMAL ECONOMY;  FORMAL FINANCIAL SERVICES;  FORMAL SAVINGS;  FUTURE INCOME;  GENDER;  GENDER DIFFERENCES;  GENERAL POPULATION;  GENERAL POPULATIONS;  GREATER ACCESS;  HOME IMPROVEMENTS;  HOME OWNERSHIP;  HOUSEHOLD INCOME;  HOUSEHOLD INVESTMENTS;  HOUSEHOLDS;  HOUSING;  INCENTIVES TO SAVE;  INCOME LEVELS;  INDEBTEDNESS;  INEQUALITY;  INFORMATION ASYMMETRIES;  INFORMATION ASYMMETRY;  INSTALLMENTS;  INVESTMENT BANK;  JOB LOSS;  JOB OPPORTUNITIES;  LABOR FORCE;  LABOR FORCE SURVEY;  LABOR MARKET;  LACK OF ACCESS;  LOAN;  LOAN APPLICANT;  LOAN SIZE;  LOCAL ENTERPRISE AGENCY;  LOW FINANCIAL LITERACY;  LOWER INCOME;  MAINSTREAM CREDIT;  MEDIUM ENTERPRISE;  MEDIUM ENTERPRISES;  MFI;  MICRO-CREDIT;  MICRO-FINANCE;  MICRO-FINANCE INSTITUTIONS;  MICRO-LENDING;  MICROCREDIT;  MICROFINANCE;  MICROFINANCE INSTITUTION;  MONEY TRANSFER;  MONTHLY INCOME;  MORTGAGES;  NATIONAL ECONOMY;  ONLINE BANKING;  OUTREACH;  PAYMENT SERVICES;  PAYMENT SYSTEMS;  PENSION;  PENSIONS;  POINT OF SALE;  POOR CLIENTS;  POSSESSION;  POSSESSIONS;  PROBABILITY;  PUBLIC ENTERPRISES;  PURCHASING POWER;  QUESTIONNAIRE;  REPAYMENT;  ROMA;  ROMANI;  SAFETY NETS;  SAVINGS;  SAVINGS ACCOUNT;  SAVINGS ACCOUNTS;  SAVINGS INITIATIVE;  SAVINGS MECHANISMS;  SAVINGS PRODUCTS;  SECONDARY EDUCATION;  SELF-EMPLOYMENT;  SELF-EXCLUSION;  SENIOR;  SMALL BUSINESS;  SMALL ENTERPRISES;  SOCIAL ASSISTANCE;  SOCIAL FUND;  SOCIAL PROTECTION;  SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY;  SOURCE OF INCOME;  SOURCES OF CREDIT;  START-UP;  START-UP GRANT;  START-UPS;  TEMPORARY EMPLOYMENT;  TRANSACTION;  UNEMPLOYED;  UNEMPLOYED WOMEN;  UNEMPLOYMENT;  UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE;  UNEXPECTED EXPENSES;  UNION;  UNSKILLED WORKERS;  UTILITY BILLS;  VILLAGE;  VULNERABLE HOUSEHOLDS;  WATER SUPPLY;  WITHDRAWAL;  WORK EXPERIENCE;  WORKING AGE;  WORKING AGE POPULATION;  WORKING LIFE;  Report;  Rapport;  Informe; 

年份：

2012

出版地：

Washington,USA

语种：

English

摘要：

This chapter highlights the growing global and European financial inclusion agenda and provides a brief assessment of vulnerability and labor market outcomes for Roma in Eastern Europe. Financial inclusion is considered by many to be among the main instruments to improve welfare, especially among the poor, which need financial services as much as, if not more, than non-poor, to reduce vulnerability and improve self-employment. Following a brief description of the main data sources used in the analysis, the chapter highlights the very high levels of vulnerability and exclusion among Roma in Eastern Europe and the poor labor market outcomes by any measure, including extremely low employment rates and high informality. Against this background, the following chapters assess financial exclusion among Roma, and self-employment levels and (credit) barriers to starting businesses. The final chapter highlights international experiences promoting comprehensive, incremental approaches to financial inclusion.