Adapting to Higher Energy Costs : Public Perspectives and Responses to Rising Energy Costs in Europe and Central Asia

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作者：

World Bank

来源地址：

http://hdl.handle.net/10986/22083

关键词：

EMPLOYMENT;  MANURE;  KILOWATT-HOURS;  NATURAL GAS;  PUBLIC UTILITIES;  ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCE;  UTILITY BILL;  REDUCING ENERGY CONSUMPTION;  ENERGY MARKETS;  KILOWATT-HOUR;  QUALITY ENERGY;  PRICE OF ELECTRICITY;  HIGH ALTITUDES;  ELECTRICITY TARIFF;  DISTRICT HEATING;  POWER STATION;  DISTRICT HEATING SYSTEMS;  HEATING SYSTEMS;  VEHICLES;  ACTIVITIES;  ENERGY EXPENDITURE;  GENERATION;  QUANTITY OF ELECTRICITY;  COST OF ELECTRICITY;  ENERGY SOURCE;  WIND;  GAS PRICES;  GAS IMPORTS;  INVESTMENTS IN ENERGY;  ELECTRIC HEATERS;  NUCLEAR POWER PLANT;  ENERGY GENERATION;  GAS;  PRICE;  VOLTAGE;  CLEANER;  GAS CONSUMPTION;  HOT WATER SUPPLY;  WINDS;  ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION;  BOILERS;  BIOMASS;  ENERGY POLICIES;  NATURAL GAS PRICES;  EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENTS;  NUCLEAR FUEL;  HEATING ENERGY;  OIL;  POWER SYSTEMS;  POWER GENERATION;  RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCE;  ENERGY SOURCES;  SUSTAINABLE ENERGY;  SOLAR PANELS;  POWER SECTOR;  BOILER;  ENERGY SHORTAGES;  ELECTRIC WATER HEATERS;  OPTIONS;  OIL PRODUCTS;  WATER;  SOLID FUELS;  ENERGY RESOURCES;  POWER GENERATORS;  EFFICIENCY INVESTMENTS;  WATER HEATING;  ELECTRICITY SUPPLY;  POWER COMPANY;  GAS HEATING;  GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT;  FUELS;  HEATING SYSTEM;  PRIMARY FUEL;  ENERGY CONSUMPTION;  ACCESS TO ENERGY;  GAS COMPANIES;  HEAT;  ENERGY EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENTS;  BALANCE;  SOURCE OF ENERGY;  ALTERNATIVE ENERGY;  WATER HEATER;  UTILITIES;  DIESEL GENERATORS;  ENERGY NEEDS;  ELECTRIC HEATER;  POWER;  ELECTRICITY;  QUALITY OF ENERGY;  GAS SUPPLY;  WIND POWER;  UTILITY PAYMENTS;  HYDROPOWER;  CONNECTED HOUSEHOLDS;  HOT WATER;  ELECTRICITY TARIFFS;  FUEL PRICES;  COST OF ENERGY;  ENERGY BILLS;  CONSUMPTION OF ENERGY;  ENERGY USE;  NUCLEAR ENERGY;  UTILITY BILLS;  ENERGY PRICES;  BIOMASS FUELS;  PRIMARY ENERGY;  ENERGY EFFICIENCY;  ENERGY DEMAND;  ELECTRICITY PRICES;  NATURAL GAS MARKET;  NATURAL GAS;  HEAT OUTPUT;  HYDROELECTRIC POWER;  PRICE OF GAS;  INVESTMENT;  CONSUMER OF ENERGY;  QUANTITY OF HEAT;  WOOD PRICES;  ELECTRICITY PRICE;  DOMESTIC ENERGY;  NUCLEAR POWER;  COAL;  TARIFF;  UTILITY COMPANY;  FUEL;  RENEWABLE ENERGY USE;  CONSUMPTION OF FUEL;  PRICES OF ENERGY;  AVAILABILITY;  QUALITY FUELS;  INVESTMENTS;  PRICE OF COAL;  GAS METERS;  ENERGY FORM;  RENEWABLE ENERGY;  ELECTRICITY DISTRIBUTION;  DISTRICT HEATING NETWORKS;  BIO-GAS;  DIESEL;  NATURAL GAS CONSUMPTION;  PIPELINE;  ENERGY COSTS;  PRICES;  APPROACH;  GAS DISTRIBUTION;  POWER PLANT;  GREEN ENERGY;  ENERGY;  Report;  Rapport;  Informe; 

年份：

2015

出版地：

Washington,USA

语种：

English

摘要：

This report presents findings from 208 focus group discussions held across 8 countries in Eastern Europe and Central Asia between 2013-2014 that examined households experiences with and attitudes to energy tariff reforms. Over the past five years, the World Bank has provided guidance to more than 14 countries in the region on implementing energy subsidy reforms. This work complements a large body of research on the poverty impacts of these reforms. Specifically, it gives voice to poor and middle-income citizens, and presents their perspectives and concerns with regard to rising tariffs and reforms in the energy sector overall. The report argues that by gaining a deeper understanding of the narratives that people attach to energy issues, governments can design better mitigation policies to address the reforms adverse impacts; better communication campaigns to convey the rationale of reforms to the public; and institute stronger accountability measures to help citizens protect their rights as consumers. This report examines poverty and social impacts of energy tariff reforms in the ECA region from citizens perspectives. It aims to complement previously collected quantitative data on distributional impacts of reforms, and contribute to the design of socially sustainable energy policies and effective mitigation measures. It presents qualitative research findings that highlight: (i) factors affecting household vulnerability to energy tariff increases; (ii) insights into how households cope with increasing energy prices; (iii) experiences with and perceptions of energy sector institutions and, more specifically, interactions with energy service providers; (iv) experiences with social assistance programs and overall attitudes toward measures that make energy more affordable; and (v) consumer attitudes toward energy sector reforms overall.