Linking Women with Agribusiness in Zambia : Corporate Social Responsibility, Creating Shared Value, and Human Rights Approaches

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作者：

White, Pamela

来源地址：

http://hdl.handle.net/10986/22681

关键词：

TAX INCENTIVES;  EMPOWERMENT;  EQUAL OPPORTUNITY;  FINANCIAL SERVICES;  ECONOMIC GROWTH;  VILLAGES;  ENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT;  WAREHOUSE;  BUSINESS COMMUNITY;  CHAMBERS OF COMMERCE;  FINANCING;  EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN;  CAPITAL FUND;  MINIMUM WAGE;  PRIVATE ENTERPRISES;  INTEREST;  OPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN;  BIAS;  TRADE UNION;  BANKING SERVICES;  ENTREPRENEURS;  DISCRIMINATION;  REPAYMENTS;  CREDIT SCHEMES;  COOP;  INEQUALITIES;  MULTINATIONAL;  ACCESS TO RESOURCES;  ENDOWMENTS;  INFORMATION SHARING;  CAPACITY BUILDING;  LOAN;  ACCESS TO TRAINING;  FEE;  CORRUPTION;  LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION;  ACCESS TO MARKET;  PAYMENTS;  INPUT PRICES;  BUSINESS OPPORTUNITY;  TRAINING CENTERS;  ACCESS TO EDUCATION;  GENDER POLICY;  GROUPS OF WOMEN;  ECONOMIC ACTIVITY;  SMALL BUSINESS;  LABOUR LAWS;  MATERNITY LEAVE;  WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS;  GENDER BALANCE;  TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE;  SUPPORT FOR WOMEN;  GENDER GAP;  DISCRIMINATION AGAINST WOMEN;  GOVERNMENT POLICY;  COMMERCIAL BANK;  GENDER MAINSTREAMING;  WOMEN IN BUSINESS;  EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES;  CHILD DEVELOPMENT;  ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT;  DEFAULTERS;  FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS;  PAYMENT;  DEBT;  WOMAN ENTREPRENEUR;  LAND OWNERSHIP;  ENTERPRISES;  FARMERS;  PEOPLES;  SMALLHOLDERS;  STATUS OF WOMEN;  EDUCATED WOMEN;  BANKS;  UNIONS;  GENDER GAPS;  CHILD- CARE;  SCHOOL FACILITIES;  CAPITAL;  BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT SERVICES;  SOCIAL JUSTICE;  BASIC NEEDS;  DAY-CARE;  BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT;  DEVELOPMENT BANKS;  GENDER;  BANK;  BRIBE;  SMALLHOLDER;  HOUSEHOLD;  SMALLHOLDER FARMERS;  GUARANTOR;  PRODUCTION CREDITS;  SUPPLY CHAIN;  NEW MARKETS;  HUMAN RIGHT;  BUSINESS ENTERPRISES;  GOVERNMENT POLICIES;  ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT;  ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES;  EMPLOYER;  SUPPLY CHAINS;  HUSBAND;  COMMERCIAL BANKS;  HOUSEHOLDS;  ACCESS TO SERVICES;  ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT;  CREDIT SUPPORT;  INCOME-GENERATING ACTIVITY;  EARNINGS;  GREATER ACCESS;  CHAMBER OF COMMERCE;  FEES;  INVESTMENT PLAN;  ENTREPRENEUR;  LABOR MARKETS;  GENDER ROLES;  SOCIAL ENTERPRISE;  COOPERATIVE;  DEVELOPMENT BANK;  DISABLED;  PRIVATE ENTERPRISE;  EMPLOYEES;  SUCCESSFUL WOMEN;  BUSINESS ACTIVITIES;  ADVISORY SERVICES;  BUSINESS OWNERS;  AGRICULTURAL COOPERATIVES;  PROVISION OF LOANS;  BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES;  ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION;  PEOPLE;  POLICY ENVIRONMENT;  ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITIES;  VILLAGE;  FARMER;  FINANCIAL LITERACY;  EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES;  EQUITABLE ACCESS;  PROPERTY RIGHTS;  STOCK MARKET;  ETHNIC GROUPS;  GROUP OF WOMEN;  SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY;  GENDER EQUITY;  SINGLE MOTHER;  MAINSTREAMING GENDER;  ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY;  ECONOMIC RIGHTS;  BUSINESS ASSOCIATIONS;  SAVING;  MARKET INFORMATION;  BUSINESS SUCCESS;  AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION;  INCOME- GENERATING ACTIVITIES;  LACK OF CREDIT;  INTERNATIONAL FINANCE;  CREDITS;  COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT;  ACCESS FOR WOMEN;  SAVINGS;  CHILD-CARE;  EQUAL RIGHTS;  UNION;  SCHOLARSHIPS;  COMMERCIAL FARMERS;  LIMITED ACCESS;  PROTECTION MEASURES;  LAND RIGHTS;  SMALL BUSINESS ASSOCIATIONS;  LENDERS;  SOCIAL SECURITY;  CUSTOMER SERVICE;  POOR ACCESS;  LACK OF COLLATERAL;  LOANS;  UNEQUAL ACCESS;  GENDER ISSUES;  CHILD CARE;  FINANCE;  MINIMUM WAGES;  EXPENDITURE;  UNEMPLOYMENT;  EQUITY;  GRANT;  POINT OF SALE;  DOMESTIC VIOLENCE;  WOMEN BUSINESS OWNERS;  HOUSEHOLD FOOD SECURITY;  SMALL ENTERPRISES;  RISK OF LOSSES;  WOMAN;  FAMILY;  INCOME-GENERATING ACTIVITIES;  SOFT LOAN;  CREDIT;  DISABLED PERSONS;  AGRICULTURAL SECTOR;  ENTERPRISE;  PROPERTY;  JOB CREATION;  NUTRITION;  TRANSACTION COSTS;  MANAGEMENT EDUCATION;  DISCRIMINATORY PRACTICES;  ACCESS TO MARKETS;  TRADE UNIONS;  BUSINESS SUPPORT;  EMPLOYERS;  AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES;  UMBRELLA ORGANIZATION;  HUSBANDS;  ACCESS TO CREDIT;  OVERHEAD COSTS;  HUMAN RIGHTS;  AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS;  BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS;  INTERESTS;  COMMERCIAL LENDERS;  SECURITY;  BANK LOANS;  INVESTMENT;  NATIONAL BANK;  OUTSTANDING DEBT;  GENDER ASSESSMENT;  COLLATERAL;  EQUALITY;  COOPERATION;  COOPERATIVES;  REVENUE;  INVESTMENTS;  RISK MANAGEMENT;  TECHNICAL SUPPORT;  MARRIED WOMEN;  FAMILIES;  LACK OF INFORMATION;  WOMEN;  OUTREACH;  BUSINESS PLANNING;  BARRIERS TO WOMEN;  GENDER RELATIONS;  SMALL BUSINESSES;  GUARANTEE;  GENDER EQUALITY;  BUSINESS TRAINING;  INEQUALITY;  Report;  Rapport;  Informe; 

年份：

2015

出版地：

Washington,USA

语种：

English

摘要：

Three of sub-Saharan Africa's central economic realities motivate this study. First, agriculture is the most important sector in most African economies, on average accounting for nearly one-fourth of GDP. Second, the private sector is increasingly active in transforming African agriculture and economies. By 2030, agriculture and agribusiness are anticipated to become a US$ 1 trillion industry in Africa, delivering more jobs, income, and economic growth. Third, women make up half of sub- Saharan Africa's agricultural labor force on average (and two-thirds or more in some countries). Yet women's strong presence in agriculture belies the comparatively weak commercial benefits they derive from it. Throughout Africa, women struggle to enter and operate highly productive and profitable agricultural enterprises. Their plots of land tend to be smaller, their crops less remunerative, and their access to land, inputs, and finance far more restricted and precarious than men's. Africa boasts the highest share of ‘entrepreneurs,' but these women are disproportionately concentrated in the ranks of the self-employed rather than among the employers. Women's productivity is lower than men's, not because they are women, but because informal, smaller firms are inherently less productive, and more women operate these types of enterprises. The real challenge in expanding opportunities and empowering women is not to help more women to become small-scale, informal entrepreneurs but to enable them to shift to activities capable of delivering higher returns and employing others.