Georgia Public Expenditure Review : Selected Fiscal Issues

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作者：

World Bank Group

来源地址：

http://hdl.handle.net/10986/22674

关键词：

CREDIT PROGRAM;  GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES;  GOVERNOR;  POLICY ENVIRONMENT;  CITY;  VILLAGE;  FISCAL DEFICITS;  COEFFICIENTS;  CENTRAL GOVERNMENT SPENDING;  MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE;  PUBLIC INVESTMENTS;  GOVERNMENT REVENUES;  EXCHANGE;  LOCAL GOVERNMENTS;  CURRENT EXPENDITURES;  TAX COLLECTION;  POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS;  PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT;  DISTRIBUTION OF INCOME;  REVENUES;  SUBNATIONAL EXPENDITURES;  FISCAL POLICY;  MAYORS;  TAX BURDEN;  TAX;  CITIES;  INCOME TAX;  TAXABLE INCOME;  EXPENDITURES ON HEALTH;  BENEFICIARIES;  REVENUE SOURCES;  FISCAL IMPACT;  PUBLIC FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT;  MUNICIPALITIES;  BUDGET;  SUBNATIONAL;  MACROECONOMIC STABILITY;  MINISTRY;  FISCAL POLICIES;  TOTAL EXPENDITURE;  CURRENCY;  CAPITAL FORMATION;  PERSONAL INCOME;  REDISTRIBUTION;  OPTIONS;  BUDGET EXECUTION;  MONETARY FUND;  TRANSFERS;  DEBT;  MAYOR;  LOCAL GOVERNMENT;  DEFICITS;  TAX BASE;  TAX AUTHORITIES;  PUBLIC FINANCE;  CENTRAL GOVERNMENTS;  CAPITAL EXPENDITURE;  DIRECT INVESTMENT;  LOANS;  TAX REVENUES;  TAX COLLECTIONS;  TOTAL EMPLOYMENT;  PUBLIC EXPENDITURE REVIEW;  GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT;  EXPENDITURE DATA;  FINANCE;  INFRASTRUCTURE;  PUBLIC INVESTMENT;  TAXES;  FISCAL DEFICIT;  EXPENDITURE;  EQUITY;  SUBNATIONAL EXPENDITURE;  PRO-POOR PROGRAMS;  TAX RATE;  AGRICULTURAL LOANS;  FISCAL FRAMEWORK;  PUBLIC EXPENDITURE;  LOCAL EXPENDITURES;  FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT;  MINISTRY OF EDUCATION;  CENTRAL GOVERNMENT;  TOTAL GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES;  LEVEL OF GOVERNMENT;  PUBLIC EXPENDITURES;  EXPENDITURES;  PROPERTY;  TAX RATES;  STATE BUDGET;  TOWN;  PUBLIC DEBT;  TAX REVENUE;  COMMUNITY AMENITIES;  REVENUE COLLECTION;  FISCAL SUSTAINABILITY;  INSURANCE;  TAXATION;  FISCAL ACCOUNTS;  TAX CODE;  MUNICIPALITY;  INVESTMENT;  SHARE;  MINISTRY OF FINANCE;  TAX SYSTEM;  FISCAL MANAGEMENT;  POVERTY;  REDISTRIBUTIVE IMPACT;  SUBNATIONAL GOVERNMENTS;  CONCENTRATION COEFFICIENTS;  TOTAL EXPENDITURES;  TAXPAYERS;  FISCAL BALANCE;  DECENTRALIZATION;  REVENUE;  LENDING;  CAPITAL EXPENDITURES;  PUBLIC SECTOR DEBT;  TAX PAYMENTS;  GOVERNORS;  CONCENTRATION COEFFICIENT;  POVERTY RATE;  COMMUNITY;  PUBLIC EMPLOYEE;  POVERTY ASSESSMENT;  EXCHANGE RATE;  COEFFICIENTS OF VARIATION;  PUBLIC ACCOUNTABILITY;  PUBLIC SPENDING;  PUBLIC EMPLOYEES;  FISCAL DECENTRALIZATION;  DISTRICTS;  POLICY CHANGES;  GUARANTEE;  Report;  Rapport;  Informe; 

年份：

2015

出版地：

Washington,USA

语种：

English

摘要：

Georgia has an impressive growth record but social vulnerabilities persist. The current government has therefore made spending on social sectors and agriculture a high priority and has launched a decentralization reform to support regional inclusive growth. It remains a challenge to tackle social vulnerabilities within a sustained macroeconomic framework. The government has intensified its efforts to reduce social vulnerability, as evidenced by the increase in social spending from 7.1 percent of gross domestic product (GDP) in 2012, to 9.6 percent in 2014. As a result, the fiscal deficit widened from 2.8 percent of GDP in 2012 to 3.0 percent in 2014. This public expenditure review (PER) analyzes the impact of recent reforms including the social programs that were either introduced or scaled up in 2013. It gives an overview of the recent macroeconomic and fiscal developments, including the fiscal implications of the social programs in chapter one. As requested by the government, it addresses three questions in the rest of the report: (1) has the realignment of spending toward social sectors resulted in better distributional outcomes; (2) have the agriculture support programs been targeted at productivity growth to support real incomes in poor rural regions; and (3) what is the fiscal and equity impact of the ongoing decentralization process? The first question is addressed by combining micro household survey data with administrative fiscal data to analyze the distributional impact of both taxes and government spending on poverty and inequality in Georgia in chapter two. The second question is addressed by comparing the cost of new agriculture programs with their estimated impact on agricultural productivity in chapter three. Finally, the issue of regional inequalities is partially addressed in this report by discussing three different aspects of the current decentralization process: the expected fiscal impact of decentralization, the need to rationalize current capital grant programs to make public investment more effective, and the implications of introducing free preschool education administered at the local government level in chapter four.