Georgia Country Environmental Analysis : Institutional, Economic, and Poverty Aspects of Georgia’s Road to Environmental Sustainability

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作者：

World Bank

来源地址：

http://hdl.handle.net/10986/22287

关键词：

NATIONAL ACCOUNTING;  OVERGRAZING;  SOCIAL COSTS;  CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURES;  ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY;  ECONOMIC INCENTIVES;  GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES;  ECONOMIC GROWTH;  ECONOMIC INSTRUMENTS;  ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION;  CARBON DIOXIDE;  ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION;  AIR QUALITY;  WASTE MANAGEMENT;  FOREST MANAGEMENT;  CARBON;  ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS;  ECONOMIC WELFARE;  AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION;  NITROGEN OXIDES;  PRODUCERS;  RESOURCE MANAGEMENT;  ENVIRONMENTAL COSTS;  HEAVY METALS;  TIMBER;  RESOURCE ALLOCATION;  LABOR FORCE;  RIVER BASINS;  EMISSIONS;  REVENUES;  ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES;  POLLUTION TAX;  ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS;  SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT;  CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS;  INCENTIVES;  ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES;  EQUILIBRIUM;  SOIL PRODUCTIVITY;  MODELS;  ECONOMIC GOODS;  SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT;  BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY;  WILLINGNESS TO PAY;  RESOURCE USE;  ECONOMIC ACTIVITY;  PRESENT VALUE;  EXPLOITATION;  ARABLE LAND;  OIL;  AIR POLLUTION;  NATURAL CAPITAL;  CLEAN FUELS;  CULTIVABLE LAND;  POPULATION GROWTH;  LABOR PRODUCTIVITY;  EXTERNALITIES;  POLLUTION LEVELS;  POLLUTION REDUCTION;  CARBON TAXES;  LAND DEGRADATION;  POLLUTION;  FORESTRY;  LAND RESOURCES;  ECONOMIC POLICIES;  DIVIDENDS;  DEMOGRAPHIC GROWTH;  BARLEY;  ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS;  NATURAL RESOURCES;  METALS;  GOVERNMENT ENVIRONMENTAL EXPENDITURES;  SUBSIDIES;  GREENHOUSE GASES;  TAXES;  CANCER;  ACCESS TO INFORMATION;  LAND USE;  RESOURCES;  UNEMPLOYMENT;  DEREGULATION;  EQUITY;  CONSUMPTION;  ECONOMIC IMPACT;  CONTINUOUS MONITORING;  WAGES;  CLIMATE CHANGE;  ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY;  ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT;  VALUES;  PRICE ELASTICITIES;  MARKET PRICES;  ECONOMIC VALUE;  POLICY MAKERS;  ELASTICITIES;  QUALITY STANDARDS;  ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS;  PURCHASING POWER;  DEFORESTATION;  DEMAND;  ABATEMENT;  NATIONAL INCOME;  MINES;  SOLID WASTES;  SUSTAINABLE GROWTH;  ENDANGERED SPECIES;  ENVIRONMENTAL TAXES;  PRICE CHANGES;  EXPENDITURES;  PROPERTY;  PRIVATE GOODS;  ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION;  LOGGING;  DECISION MAKING;  POLLUTION ABATEMENT;  ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE;  HUMAN BEHAVIOR;  ENVIRONMENT;  GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE;  ECONOMICS;  WASTE DISPOSAL;  COMMON PROPERTY;  ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT;  COMMON PROPERTY RESOURCES;  TRADE;  POLLUTERS;  LAND;  LAND PRODUCTIVITY;  DRINKING WATER;  CONSUMPTION PATTERNS;  PUBLIC PARTICIPATION;  COAL;  FARMS;  BASELINE LEVELS;  POLLUTION CHARGES;  REVENUE;  POLLUTION CONTROL;  EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE;  SULFUR DIOXIDE;  RISK MANAGEMENT;  LIVING CONDITIONS;  RECYCLING;  ECONOMISTS;  ENERGY TAXES;  ARSENIC;  PASTURES;  PROPERTY VALUES;  POLLUTION CONCENTRATION;  INTERMEDIATE INPUTS;  EMISSION STANDARDS;  ENVIRONMENTAL;  LABOR MARKETS;  WETLANDS;  COST ANALYSIS;  POLLUTION TAXES;  PRICES;  NEGATIVE EXTERNALITIES;  ECONOMIES;  PRODUCTION PROCESSES;  ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES;  Report;  Rapport;  Informe; 

年份：

2015

出版地：

Washington,USA

语种：

English

摘要：

During the past decade, Georgia's pursuit of economic reforms led to impressive economic growth, capital inflow, and investments. It helped improve the business environment and infrastructure, strengthened public finances, and liberalized trade. Georgia achieved most of the human development targets of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). This progress did not result, however, in improved environmental governance or better management of natural resources. Nowadays, environmental policies are receiving increasing attention from Georgian policy and decision makers, recognizing that sustainable development is about a profound change of policies that drive systemic transformation of production, consumption, and behavioral patterns. The list of the country's environmental challenges is long. Current policies and instruments lack the rigor to effectively reduce pressures on natural assets and protect public health from poor environmental quality. Georgia does not have a comprehensive assessment of the cost of inaction to environmental degradation linking it to economic growth, poverty, and shared prosperity. This is a central issue on which the Country Environmental Analysis (CEA) is focused. The main objective of the CEA is to assist the government, civil society, and development partners of Georgia in identifying and analyzing critical environmental constraints to sustainable growth and shared prosperity. Georgia's Country Partnership Strategy for 2014-2017 points to lagging public policies on protecting the environment and natural resources, against impressive economic growth. It further highlights several areas needing attention, such as air and water quality, waste management, land and landscape management, and nature resource use and protection.